46
has been discussed. We pinpoint the genes and targets involved in the biosynthetic
pathways of A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. Applications of siderophores in the field
of molecular imaging provide the contribution of TAFC in PET particularly in disease diagnosis. Hence these data suggest that siderophores as iron chelators are
playing a crucial role in pathogenesis of Aspergillus infections and also contribute
in antifungal therapy.
References
Achterman RR, White TC (2013) Dermatophytes. Curr Biol 23:R551–R552. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.026
Adjimani JP, Emery T(1987) Iron uptake in Mycelia sterilia EP-76. J Bacteriol 169(8):3664–3668
Arikan S, Lozano-Chiu M, Paetznick V, Nangia S, Rex JH (1999) Microdilution susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus
and Fusarium species. J Clin Microbiol 37:3946–3951
Baddley JW, Stroud TP, Salzman D, Pappas PG (2001) Invasive mold infections in allogeneic bone
marrow transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 32:1319–1324
Balajee SA, Baddley JW, Peterson SW, Nickle D, Varga J, Boey A et al (2009) Aspergillus alabamensis, a new clinically relevant species in the section Terrei. Eukaryot Cell 8:713–722
Brakhage AA, Langfelder K (2002) Menacing mold: the molecular biology of Aspergillus fumigatus. Annu Rev Microbiol 56:433–455
Brookman JL, Denning DW (2000) Molecular genetics in Aspergillus fumigatus. Curr Opin
Microbiol 3:468–474
Brown GD, Denning DW, Gow NAR, Levitz SM, Netea MG, White TC, Killers H (2012) Human
fungal infections. Sci Transl Med 4:1–9
Lass-Florl C, Griff K, Mayr A, Petzer A, Gastl G, Bonatti H, Freund M, Kropshofer G, Dierich
MP, Nachbaur D (2005) Epidemiology and outcome of infections due to Aspergillus terreus:
10-year single centre experience. Br J Haematol 131:201–207
Carmona EM, Limper AH (2011) Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Ther Adv Respir Dis 5:41–59
Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Giusiano G, Guarro J, Quindós G, Guardia C, del Valle O, Rodríguez V, Estivill
D, Cárdenes CD (2007) In vitro activity of voriconazole against dermatophytes, Scopulariopsis
brevicaulis and other opportunistic fungi as agents of onychomycosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents
30(2):157–161
Cawley EP (1947) Aspergillosis and the aspergilli: Report of a unique case of the disease. Arch
Intern Med 80:423
Chakrabarti A, Denning DW, Ferguson BJ, Ponikau J, Buzina W, Kita H et al. (2009) Fungal
rhinosinusitis: a categorization and definitional schema addressing current controversies.
Laringoscope 119:1809–1818
Challa S, Uppin SG, Hanumanthu S, Panigrahi MK, Purohit AK, Sattaluri S, Borgohain R, Chava
A, Vemu L, Jagarlapudi MK (2010) Fungal rhinosinusitis: a clinicopathological study from
South India. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 267:1239–1245
Charlang G, Ng B, Horowitz NH, Horowitz RM (1981) Cellular and extracellular siderophores of
Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Mol Cell Biol 1:94–100
Chen YC, Chang SC, Sun CC, Yang LS, Hsieh WC, Luh KT (1997) Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections at a teaching hospital in Taiwan, 1981 to 1993. Infect
Control Hosp Epidemiol 18:369–375
Christopher RT (2018) Molecular imaging of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis using immunoPET/
MRI: the future looks bright. Front Microbiol 9:691. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00691
S. Jayapalan et al.
has been discussed. We pinpoint the genes and targets involved in the biosynthetic
pathways of A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. Applications of siderophores in the field
of molecular imaging provide the contribution of TAFC in PET particularly in disease diagnosis. Hence these data suggest that siderophores as iron chelators are
playing a crucial role in pathogenesis of Aspergillus infections and also contribute
in antifungal therapy.
References
Achterman RR, White TC (2013) Dermatophytes. Curr Biol 23:R551–R552. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.03.026
Adjimani JP, Emery T(1987) Iron uptake in Mycelia sterilia EP-76. J Bacteriol 169(8):3664–3668
Arikan S, Lozano-Chiu M, Paetznick V, Nangia S, Rex JH (1999) Microdilution susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole against clinical isolates of Aspergillus
and Fusarium species. J Clin Microbiol 37:3946–3951
Baddley JW, Stroud TP, Salzman D, Pappas PG (2001) Invasive mold infections in allogeneic bone
marrow transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 32:1319–1324
Balajee SA, Baddley JW, Peterson SW, Nickle D, Varga J, Boey A et al (2009) Aspergillus alabamensis, a new clinically relevant species in the section Terrei. Eukaryot Cell 8:713–722
Brakhage AA, Langfelder K (2002) Menacing mold: the molecular biology of Aspergillus fumigatus. Annu Rev Microbiol 56:433–455
Brookman JL, Denning DW (2000) Molecular genetics in Aspergillus fumigatus. Curr Opin
Microbiol 3:468–474
Brown GD, Denning DW, Gow NAR, Levitz SM, Netea MG, White TC, Killers H (2012) Human
fungal infections. Sci Transl Med 4:1–9
Lass-Florl C, Griff K, Mayr A, Petzer A, Gastl G, Bonatti H, Freund M, Kropshofer G, Dierich
MP, Nachbaur D (2005) Epidemiology and outcome of infections due to Aspergillus terreus:
10-year single centre experience. Br J Haematol 131:201–207
Carmona EM, Limper AH (2011) Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Ther Adv Respir Dis 5:41–59
Carrillo-Muñoz AJ, Giusiano G, Guarro J, Quindós G, Guardia C, del Valle O, Rodríguez V, Estivill
D, Cárdenes CD (2007) In vitro activity of voriconazole against dermatophytes, Scopulariopsis
brevicaulis and other opportunistic fungi as agents of onychomycosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents
30(2):157–161
Cawley EP (1947) Aspergillosis and the aspergilli: Report of a unique case of the disease. Arch
Intern Med 80:423
Chakrabarti A, Denning DW, Ferguson BJ, Ponikau J, Buzina W, Kita H et al. (2009) Fungal
rhinosinusitis: a categorization and definitional schema addressing current controversies.
Laringoscope 119:1809–1818
Challa S, Uppin SG, Hanumanthu S, Panigrahi MK, Purohit AK, Sattaluri S, Borgohain R, Chava
A, Vemu L, Jagarlapudi MK (2010) Fungal rhinosinusitis: a clinicopathological study from
South India. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 267:1239–1245
Charlang G, Ng B, Horowitz NH, Horowitz RM (1981) Cellular and extracellular siderophores of
Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium chrysogenum. Mol Cell Biol 1:94–100
Chen YC, Chang SC, Sun CC, Yang LS, Hsieh WC, Luh KT (1997) Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections at a teaching hospital in Taiwan, 1981 to 1993. Infect
Control Hosp Epidemiol 18:369–375
Christopher RT (2018) Molecular imaging of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis using immunoPET/
MRI: the future looks bright. Front Microbiol 9:691. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00691
S. Jayapalan et al.