152
9.6 Conclusion
The future perspective is to augment scientific research on the relativity of low Fe
bioavailability in the environments like ocean and some parts of soil region and
siderophores, therefore to remove knowledge scarcity in this field. The metagenomics study would assist in analyzing the chemical structural diversity among different
and within fungal species will be useful in developing the siderophore applications.
Moreover, thorough understanding of siderophore biosynthesis and utilization
mechanism of each individual fungal species would bring an insight to eradicate the
pathogenic fungi from hiding and their replication in the host macrophages.
References
Ahmed E, Holmstrom SJM (2014) The effect of soil horizon and mineral type on the distribution
of siderophores in soil. Geochimical et Cosmochimica Acta 131:184–195
Albarouki E, Schafferer L, Ye F, von Wirén N, Haas H, Deising HB (2014) Biotrophy-specific
downregulation of siderophore biosynthesis in Colletotrichum graminicola is required for
modulation of immune responses of maize. Mol Microbiol 92:338–355
Amin SA, Green DH, Al Waheeb D, Gärdes A, Carrano CJ (2012) Iron transport in the genus
Marinobacter. Biometals 25:135–147
Arantes V, Milagres AMF (2007) The effect of a catecholate chelator as a redox agent in Fentonbased reactions on degradation of lignin-model substrates and on COD removal from effluent
of an ECF kraft pulp mill. J Hazard Mater 141:273–279
Aznar A, Dellagi A (2015) New insights into the role of siderophores as triggers of plant immunity:
what can we learn from animals? J Exp Bot 66(11):3001–3010
Bach S, Almeida de A, Carniel E (2000) The Yersinia high-pathogenicity island is present in different members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 183:289–294
Bajpai P (2004) Biological bleaching of chemical pulps. Crit Rev Biotechnol 24:1–58
Bajpai P (2010) Environmentally friendly production of pulp and paper. Wiley, Hoboken
Banin E, Lozinski A, Brady KM, Berenshtein E, Butterfield PW, Moshe M, Chevion M, Greenberg
EP, Banin E (2008) The potential of desferrioxamine-gallium as an anti-Pseudomonas therapeutic agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:16761–16766
Barbeau K, Zhang GP, Live DH, Butler A (2002) Petrobactin, a photoreactive siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. J Am
Chem Soc 124:378–379
Bills G, Li Y, Chen L, Yue Q, Niu X, An Z (2014) New insights into the echinocandins and other
fungal non-ribosomal peptides and peptaibiotics. Nat Prod Rep 31:1348–75
Boyce KJ, Andrianopoulos A (2015) Fungal dimorphism: the switch from hyphae to yeast is a
specialized morphogenetic adaptation allowing colonization of a host. FEMS Microbiol Rev
39:797–811
Bultreys A, Gheysen I, de Hoffmann E (2006) Yersiniabactin production by Pseudomonas syringae
and Escherichia coli, and description of a second yersiniabactin locus evolutionary group. Appl
Environ Microbiol 72:3814–3825
Capon RJ, Stewart M, Ratnayake R, Lacey E, Gill JH (2007) Citromycetins and bilains A-C:
new aromatic polyketides and diketopiperazines from Australian marine-derived and terrestrial
Penicillium spp. J Nat Prod 70:1746–1752
Caris C, Hordt W, Hawkins HJ, Römheld V, George E (1998) Studies of iron transport by arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae from soil to peanut and sorghum plants. Mycorrhiza 8:35–39
S. Manoharan et al.
9.6 Conclusion
The future perspective is to augment scientific research on the relativity of low Fe
bioavailability in the environments like ocean and some parts of soil region and
siderophores, therefore to remove knowledge scarcity in this field. The metagenomics study would assist in analyzing the chemical structural diversity among different
and within fungal species will be useful in developing the siderophore applications.
Moreover, thorough understanding of siderophore biosynthesis and utilization
mechanism of each individual fungal species would bring an insight to eradicate the
pathogenic fungi from hiding and their replication in the host macrophages.
References
Ahmed E, Holmstrom SJM (2014) The effect of soil horizon and mineral type on the distribution
of siderophores in soil. Geochimical et Cosmochimica Acta 131:184–195
Albarouki E, Schafferer L, Ye F, von Wirén N, Haas H, Deising HB (2014) Biotrophy-specific
downregulation of siderophore biosynthesis in Colletotrichum graminicola is required for
modulation of immune responses of maize. Mol Microbiol 92:338–355
Amin SA, Green DH, Al Waheeb D, Gärdes A, Carrano CJ (2012) Iron transport in the genus
Marinobacter. Biometals 25:135–147
Arantes V, Milagres AMF (2007) The effect of a catecholate chelator as a redox agent in Fentonbased reactions on degradation of lignin-model substrates and on COD removal from effluent
of an ECF kraft pulp mill. J Hazard Mater 141:273–279
Aznar A, Dellagi A (2015) New insights into the role of siderophores as triggers of plant immunity:
what can we learn from animals? J Exp Bot 66(11):3001–3010
Bach S, Almeida de A, Carniel E (2000) The Yersinia high-pathogenicity island is present in different members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 183:289–294
Bajpai P (2004) Biological bleaching of chemical pulps. Crit Rev Biotechnol 24:1–58
Bajpai P (2010) Environmentally friendly production of pulp and paper. Wiley, Hoboken
Banin E, Lozinski A, Brady KM, Berenshtein E, Butterfield PW, Moshe M, Chevion M, Greenberg
EP, Banin E (2008) The potential of desferrioxamine-gallium as an anti-Pseudomonas therapeutic agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:16761–16766
Barbeau K, Zhang GP, Live DH, Butler A (2002) Petrobactin, a photoreactive siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus. J Am
Chem Soc 124:378–379
Bills G, Li Y, Chen L, Yue Q, Niu X, An Z (2014) New insights into the echinocandins and other
fungal non-ribosomal peptides and peptaibiotics. Nat Prod Rep 31:1348–75
Boyce KJ, Andrianopoulos A (2015) Fungal dimorphism: the switch from hyphae to yeast is a
specialized morphogenetic adaptation allowing colonization of a host. FEMS Microbiol Rev
39:797–811
Bultreys A, Gheysen I, de Hoffmann E (2006) Yersiniabactin production by Pseudomonas syringae
and Escherichia coli, and description of a second yersiniabactin locus evolutionary group. Appl
Environ Microbiol 72:3814–3825
Capon RJ, Stewart M, Ratnayake R, Lacey E, Gill JH (2007) Citromycetins and bilains A-C:
new aromatic polyketides and diketopiperazines from Australian marine-derived and terrestrial
Penicillium spp. J Nat Prod 70:1746–1752
Caris C, Hordt W, Hawkins HJ, Römheld V, George E (1998) Studies of iron transport by arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae from soil to peanut and sorghum plants. Mycorrhiza 8:35–39
S. Manoharan et al.