110
Table 7.3 (continued)
Sl.
no. Metal ion
Fungal source
Siderophore and
derivatives
Functions
References
9. Gallium-68 (
68
Ga),
zirconium-89 (
89 Zr)
Aspergillus
fumigates
Ferrichrome,
ferrichrome A,
tri-acetyl
fusarinine C,
desferrioxamine,
desferrioxamine
E, coprogen,
fusarinine C,
ferricrocin
Infection imaging
Petrik et al.
(2012a, b),
Haas et al.
(2015) and
Petrik et al.
(2010, 2014,
2015)
10. Gallium-67 (
67
Ga)
Ustilago
sphaerogena,
Aspergillus
fumigates
Ferrichrome,
ferrichrome A,
rhodotorulic acid,
tri-acetyl
fusarinine C,
malonichrome,
desferrioxamine
Significant iron
transport in microbes
Petrik et al.
(2016),
Emery and
Hoffer
(1980),
Conti and
Eriksson
(2016) and
Velikyan
(2014)
11. Chromium (Cr)
Ustilago
sphaerogena
Desferrioxamine Analogous to
iron-siderophores
that competitively
inhibit utilization of
iron-siderophore
Stintzi et al.
(2000)
12. Gallium-67 (
67
Ga),
indium-111 (
111 In)
Escherichia coli,
Salmonella
typhimurium
Enterobactin
(tricatecholamide
analogue)
Ligand for
radiopharmaceuticals
Crowley
et al. (1988)
and Petrik
et al. (2017)
13. Cobalt (Co)
Fusarium solani Ferricrocin
Synthesized
intercellular
siderophore for iron
storage, and
highlighted the
importance of iron
tolerance against
cobalt
Moerlein
et al. (1981)
14. Zinc (Zn)
Candida
albicans,
Aspergillus
fumigates
Zincophores
Significant for
identification of
novel virulence
factors in microbes
Rasha
(2017)
15. Zinc (Zn) and copper
(Cu)
Fusarium species Ferricrocin
Imposed toxic effect
to the fungi present
in soil
Wilson et al.
(2012)
16. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu)
and iron (Fe)
Rhizophagus
irregularis
Enterobactin,
coprogen
Significant for plant
colonization
Islam and
Datta (2015)
17. Copper (Cu II),
manganese (Mn-II),
zinc (Zn-II),
magnesium (Mg-II)
Mucorales,
aspergilli,
penicillia,
Neurospora
crassa, Fusarium
dimerum
Hydroxamates,
carboxylates
Improved binding
affinity of
siderophore
Tamayo
et al. (2014)
S. Bhardwaj et al.