List of Photos
Photo 1.1 Are the scientists in the Avatar movie political ecologists?
(© 20TH CENTURY FOX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Photo 2.1 Cracked clay is an image often used to depict desertification. This is
usually soil which cracks after having been flooded. Areas with clay are
usually found in the lower parts of landscapes and tend to be flooded in
the rainy season before they dry up in the dry season. When searching
photo data bases for ‘desertification’, various similar photos of cracked
clay are offered. Especially around the annual World Day to Combat
Desertification (17th June), such images accompany articles on
desertification published on websites and in printed media
on a global scale. (Source: Getty Images/Athul Krishnan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Photo 3.1 In the film Medicine Man, the relationship between the bioprospector
Dr. Campbell and local people is presented as harmonious as well as
problematic. (Credit: CINERGI/COLUMBIA/TRI-STAR//O’NEILL,
TERRY/Album) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Photo 4.1 AWF billboard in northern Tanzania. (Photo: Tor A. Benjaminsen) . . . . . . . 95
Photo 4.2 The annual flowering in Namaqualand. While tourists come to see
these displays of flowers in spring (August-September), many
ecologists and conservationists see them as signs of ‘disturbance’ or
‘degradation’. (Photo: Poul Wisborg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Photo 4.3 Who should be made live and let die? (Photo: Tor A. Benjaminsen) . . . . . . 106
Photo 5.1 The National Park plan in the 1990s and 2000s consisted of
processes to extend the total area of protected areas in Norway,
including the extension of Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park.
This photo is taken at the opening ceremony of the park.
From the left: Mayor Erland Løkken, King Harald, and Minister of the
Environment Børge Brende. (Photo: Hanne Svarstad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Photo 6.1 After meeting with Greta Thunberg in 2019, Leonardo DiCaprio
posted this picture of the two on Instagram noting that he hoped
‘that Greta’s message is a wake- up call to world leaders everywhere
that the time for inaction is over.’ (Source: Instagram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Photo 6.2 September 2008: Brazilian and Norwegian leaders meet to sign
an agreement for protection of tropical rainforest as part of the
Norwegian REDD programme NICFI. From the left: The Brazilian
Minister of the Environment, Carlos Minc, Norwegian Prime
Minister Jens Stoltenberg, Norwegian Minister for Environment and
Development Erik Solheim. (Photo: NICFI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Photo 6.3 Restricting local forest use had negative consequences for women
who used to collect dry firewood for cooking.
(Photo: Hanne Svarstad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Photo 7.1 Fence-line contrast. (Photo: Anke Hoffmann) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Photo 1.1 Are the scientists in the Avatar movie political ecologists?
(© 20TH CENTURY FOX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Photo 2.1 Cracked clay is an image often used to depict desertification. This is
usually soil which cracks after having been flooded. Areas with clay are
usually found in the lower parts of landscapes and tend to be flooded in
the rainy season before they dry up in the dry season. When searching
photo data bases for ‘desertification’, various similar photos of cracked
clay are offered. Especially around the annual World Day to Combat
Desertification (17th June), such images accompany articles on
desertification published on websites and in printed media
on a global scale. (Source: Getty Images/Athul Krishnan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Photo 3.1 In the film Medicine Man, the relationship between the bioprospector
Dr. Campbell and local people is presented as harmonious as well as
problematic. (Credit: CINERGI/COLUMBIA/TRI-STAR//O’NEILL,
TERRY/Album) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Photo 4.1 AWF billboard in northern Tanzania. (Photo: Tor A. Benjaminsen) . . . . . . . 95
Photo 4.2 The annual flowering in Namaqualand. While tourists come to see
these displays of flowers in spring (August-September), many
ecologists and conservationists see them as signs of ‘disturbance’ or
‘degradation’. (Photo: Poul Wisborg) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Photo 4.3 Who should be made live and let die? (Photo: Tor A. Benjaminsen) . . . . . . 106
Photo 5.1 The National Park plan in the 1990s and 2000s consisted of
processes to extend the total area of protected areas in Norway,
including the extension of Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjella National Park.
This photo is taken at the opening ceremony of the park.
From the left: Mayor Erland Løkken, King Harald, and Minister of the
Environment Børge Brende. (Photo: Hanne Svarstad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Photo 6.1 After meeting with Greta Thunberg in 2019, Leonardo DiCaprio
posted this picture of the two on Instagram noting that he hoped
‘that Greta’s message is a wake- up call to world leaders everywhere
that the time for inaction is over.’ (Source: Instagram) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Photo 6.2 September 2008: Brazilian and Norwegian leaders meet to sign
an agreement for protection of tropical rainforest as part of the
Norwegian REDD programme NICFI. From the left: The Brazilian
Minister of the Environment, Carlos Minc, Norwegian Prime
Minister Jens Stoltenberg, Norwegian Minister for Environment and
Development Erik Solheim. (Photo: NICFI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Photo 6.3 Restricting local forest use had negative consequences for women
who used to collect dry firewood for cooking.
(Photo: Hanne Svarstad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Photo 7.1 Fence-line contrast. (Photo: Anke Hoffmann) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162