539
Field campaign A coordinated data collection effort usually in a particular outdoor location.
Field spectrometry The outdoor, in situ, measurement of spectral properties
using a spectrometer.
Flavonoids Widely distributed polyphenolic plant compounds (anthocyanin pigments and flavones) in flowers, fruits, and leaves. Typically these range from
near colorless to a range of reds and blues. They have diverse functions as antioxidants, pollinator attractants, seed and fruit colors for dispersal, and more. The
red colors of leaves are often due to a type of flavonoid.
Flight time Time or duration of an aircraft campaign or the time it takes a signal,
such as a light or sound wave, to go from an emitter, bounce off something, and
go to a receiver.
Flux in optics, the rate of electromagnetic radiation contacting a surface of given
area. In general, it is used to describe the rate of flow through a surface of given
area, such as light transmission through a leaf or carbon, water, or oxygen flow
into or out of the leaf.
Flux tower or eddy flux tower A structure, often a metal scaffold, supporting the
instruments used to measure eddy covariance.
Focal taxa The set of organisms, species, or lineages that are the subject of study
and/or analysis.
Foreoptics The component attached to an optical sensor that transfers and modifies the signal between the target and detector by attenuating the light or changing the field of view. Can consist of lenses, filters, fiber optics, cosine heads, or
field-of-view restrictors (e.g., tubes).
Foundation species in an ecological community, a species that plays a critical
role in structuring the community and maintaining the integrity of the food web,
thereby influencing and stabilizing ecosystem properties and processes.
Fragmented landscapes Landscapes characterized by a dispersion of smaller
patches, e.g., by terrain features or more frequently by disturbance, including
roads, paths, or clearings.
Full waveform in the context of LiDAR, full laser echo intensity recorded and
digitized over time (c.f. discrete return systems).
Functional diversity The variability of life as measured by functional traits.
Includes ecosystem functional diversity and species functional diversity.
Functional trait A morpho-physio-phenological or phenotypic attribute expressed
by organisms in their environment that represents or is linked to organismal performance. Examples for plants include photosynthetic pigments, leaf chemical
composition, water content, dry leaf mass, leaf mass per area, leaf economic
spectrum traits, canopy structure, plant height, flower color, wood density, seed
size and production, etc.
Functional type See plant functional type.
Fusion The process of integrating multiple data sources, such as different satellite
products or environmental data layers, with the goal of producing more useful
information than individual data sources provide alone.
Gamma diversity Total diversity within a region. It can be defined in various
ways that incorporate the alpha diversity of individual communities or habitats
Glossary
Field campaign A coordinated data collection effort usually in a particular outdoor location.
Field spectrometry The outdoor, in situ, measurement of spectral properties
using a spectrometer.
Flavonoids Widely distributed polyphenolic plant compounds (anthocyanin pigments and flavones) in flowers, fruits, and leaves. Typically these range from
near colorless to a range of reds and blues. They have diverse functions as antioxidants, pollinator attractants, seed and fruit colors for dispersal, and more. The
red colors of leaves are often due to a type of flavonoid.
Flight time Time or duration of an aircraft campaign or the time it takes a signal,
such as a light or sound wave, to go from an emitter, bounce off something, and
go to a receiver.
Flux in optics, the rate of electromagnetic radiation contacting a surface of given
area. In general, it is used to describe the rate of flow through a surface of given
area, such as light transmission through a leaf or carbon, water, or oxygen flow
into or out of the leaf.
Flux tower or eddy flux tower A structure, often a metal scaffold, supporting the
instruments used to measure eddy covariance.
Focal taxa The set of organisms, species, or lineages that are the subject of study
and/or analysis.
Foreoptics The component attached to an optical sensor that transfers and modifies the signal between the target and detector by attenuating the light or changing the field of view. Can consist of lenses, filters, fiber optics, cosine heads, or
field-of-view restrictors (e.g., tubes).
Foundation species in an ecological community, a species that plays a critical
role in structuring the community and maintaining the integrity of the food web,
thereby influencing and stabilizing ecosystem properties and processes.
Fragmented landscapes Landscapes characterized by a dispersion of smaller
patches, e.g., by terrain features or more frequently by disturbance, including
roads, paths, or clearings.
Full waveform in the context of LiDAR, full laser echo intensity recorded and
digitized over time (c.f. discrete return systems).
Functional diversity The variability of life as measured by functional traits.
Includes ecosystem functional diversity and species functional diversity.
Functional trait A morpho-physio-phenological or phenotypic attribute expressed
by organisms in their environment that represents or is linked to organismal performance. Examples for plants include photosynthetic pigments, leaf chemical
composition, water content, dry leaf mass, leaf mass per area, leaf economic
spectrum traits, canopy structure, plant height, flower color, wood density, seed
size and production, etc.
Functional type See plant functional type.
Fusion The process of integrating multiple data sources, such as different satellite
products or environmental data layers, with the goal of producing more useful
information than individual data sources provide alone.
Gamma diversity Total diversity within a region. It can be defined in various
ways that incorporate the alpha diversity of individual communities or habitats
Glossary