7.12 Data Availability
The assembled genome sequence of Sp7498 is
deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank nucleotide
core database under the accession code ATDW
00000000 with the BioSample of SAMN0298
1544 and the BioProject of PRJNA205940
(Wang et al. 2014). The sequence reads done by
JGI are assigned an NCBI bioproject (https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/46611). BACend sequences have been deposited in the
GenBank GSS database under accession codes
JY978532 to KG007076. Fosmid sequences
have been deposited in the GenBank nucleotide
core database under accession codes AC254537
to AC254559. The EST project data is available
in NCBI Sequence Read Archive (https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRX148325). The
GBrowse and Blast search of Spirodela polyrhiza
v2 is accessible at JGI Phytozome 12: https://
phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html#!info?al
ias=Org_Spolyrhiza. The bulk data can be also
downloaded with a new account registration.
The genome sequence for Sp9509 is deposited
with an accession number of GCA_001981405.
The project can be retrieved at: (https://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA308109/). The raw
reads from Illumina platform with the libraries of
200, 500 bp, 2, and 5 Kb can be also found
under this bioproject (Michael et al. 2017).
7.13 Conclusions
The initiation of Spirodela as an aquatic plant for
dissecting the physiological, evolutionary, and
architectural traits of asexual plants was accelerated by the release of whole-genome sequence
information. This has accentuated the nearly
neglected research of basal monocots and promoted the plant genomics into richer genetic and
genomic resources. Attempts to generate
large-scale and unrestricted genomic and transcriptomic data via web-based databases would
certainly benefit the duckweed community and
accelerate functional genomics studies and
molecular breeding in the fields of biofeed,
biofuel, bioremediator, and bioreactor. Furthermore, the potential abiotic stress tolerance in
duckweeds has encouraged scientists to explore
the molecular mechanism of strong adaption and
vitality over the world that would improve stress
tolerance not only in themselves but other crops.
References
Appenroth KJ, Adamec L (2015) Specific turion yields of
different clones of Spirodela polyrhiza depend on
external phosphate thresholds. Plant Biol (Stuttg)
17:125–129
Bennett MD, Leitch IJ, Price HJ, Johnston JS (2003)
Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (similar to 100 Mb)
and Drosophila (similar to 175 Mb) using flow
cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be
similar to 157 Mb and thus similar to 25% larger than
the Arabidopsis genome initiative estimate of similar
to 125 Mb. Ann Bot-London 91(5):547–557
Brain RA, Solomon KR (2007) A protocol for conducting
7-day daily renewal tests with Lemna gibba. Nat
Protoc 2(4):979–987
Caicedo JR, Van der Steen NP, Arce O, Gijzen HJ (2000)
Effect of total ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH
on growth rates of duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza).
Water Res 34(15):3829–3835
Cao HX, Vu GTH, Wang W, Messing J, Schubert I
(2015) Chromatin organisation in duckweed interphase nuclei in relation to the nuclear DNA content.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) 17:120–124
Cao HX, Vu GTH, Wang WQ, Appenroth KJ, Messing J,
Schubert I (2016) The map-based genome sequence of
Spirodela polyrhiza aligned with its chromosomes, a
reference for karyotype evolution. New Phytol 209
(1):354–363
Cheng JJ, Stomp AM (2009) Growing duckweed to
recover nutrients from wastewaters and for production
of fuel ethanol and animal feed. Clean-Soil Air Water
37(1):17–26
Cox KM, Sterling JD, Regan JT, Gasdaska JR,
Frantz KK, Peele CG, Black A, Passmore D,
Moldovan-Loomis C, Srinivasan M, Cuison S, Cardarelli PM, Dickey LF (2006) Glycan optimization of
a human monoclonal antibody in the aquatic plant
Lemna minor. Nat Biotechnol 24(12):1591–1597
Cui W, Cheng JJ (2015) Growing duckweed for biofuel
production: a review. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 17(Suppl
1):16–23
Culley DD, Epps EA (1973) Use of Duckweed for waste
treatment and animal feed. J Water Pollut Con F 45
(2):337–347
D’Hont A, Denoeud F, Aury JM, Baurens FC, Carreel F,
Garsmeur O, Noel B, Bocs S, Droc G, Rouard M, Da
Silva C, Jabbari K, Cardi C, Poulain J, Souquet M,
82
D. An and W. Wang
The assembled genome sequence of Sp7498 is
deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank nucleotide
core database under the accession code ATDW
00000000 with the BioSample of SAMN0298
1544 and the BioProject of PRJNA205940
(Wang et al. 2014). The sequence reads done by
JGI are assigned an NCBI bioproject (https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/46611). BACend sequences have been deposited in the
GenBank GSS database under accession codes
JY978532 to KG007076. Fosmid sequences
have been deposited in the GenBank nucleotide
core database under accession codes AC254537
to AC254559. The EST project data is available
in NCBI Sequence Read Archive (https://
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRX148325). The
GBrowse and Blast search of Spirodela polyrhiza
v2 is accessible at JGI Phytozome 12: https://
phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/pz/portal.html#!info?al
ias=Org_Spolyrhiza. The bulk data can be also
downloaded with a new account registration.
The genome sequence for Sp9509 is deposited
with an accession number of GCA_001981405.
The project can be retrieved at: (https://www.ncbi.
nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA308109/). The raw
reads from Illumina platform with the libraries of
200, 500 bp, 2, and 5 Kb can be also found
under this bioproject (Michael et al. 2017).
7.13 Conclusions
The initiation of Spirodela as an aquatic plant for
dissecting the physiological, evolutionary, and
architectural traits of asexual plants was accelerated by the release of whole-genome sequence
information. This has accentuated the nearly
neglected research of basal monocots and promoted the plant genomics into richer genetic and
genomic resources. Attempts to generate
large-scale and unrestricted genomic and transcriptomic data via web-based databases would
certainly benefit the duckweed community and
accelerate functional genomics studies and
molecular breeding in the fields of biofeed,
biofuel, bioremediator, and bioreactor. Furthermore, the potential abiotic stress tolerance in
duckweeds has encouraged scientists to explore
the molecular mechanism of strong adaption and
vitality over the world that would improve stress
tolerance not only in themselves but other crops.
References
Appenroth KJ, Adamec L (2015) Specific turion yields of
different clones of Spirodela polyrhiza depend on
external phosphate thresholds. Plant Biol (Stuttg)
17:125–129
Bennett MD, Leitch IJ, Price HJ, Johnston JS (2003)
Comparisons with Caenorhabditis (similar to 100 Mb)
and Drosophila (similar to 175 Mb) using flow
cytometry show genome size in Arabidopsis to be
similar to 157 Mb and thus similar to 25% larger than
the Arabidopsis genome initiative estimate of similar
to 125 Mb. Ann Bot-London 91(5):547–557
Brain RA, Solomon KR (2007) A protocol for conducting
7-day daily renewal tests with Lemna gibba. Nat
Protoc 2(4):979–987
Caicedo JR, Van der Steen NP, Arce O, Gijzen HJ (2000)
Effect of total ammonia nitrogen concentration and pH
on growth rates of duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza).
Water Res 34(15):3829–3835
Cao HX, Vu GTH, Wang W, Messing J, Schubert I
(2015) Chromatin organisation in duckweed interphase nuclei in relation to the nuclear DNA content.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) 17:120–124
Cao HX, Vu GTH, Wang WQ, Appenroth KJ, Messing J,
Schubert I (2016) The map-based genome sequence of
Spirodela polyrhiza aligned with its chromosomes, a
reference for karyotype evolution. New Phytol 209
(1):354–363
Cheng JJ, Stomp AM (2009) Growing duckweed to
recover nutrients from wastewaters and for production
of fuel ethanol and animal feed. Clean-Soil Air Water
37(1):17–26
Cox KM, Sterling JD, Regan JT, Gasdaska JR,
Frantz KK, Peele CG, Black A, Passmore D,
Moldovan-Loomis C, Srinivasan M, Cuison S, Cardarelli PM, Dickey LF (2006) Glycan optimization of
a human monoclonal antibody in the aquatic plant
Lemna minor. Nat Biotechnol 24(12):1591–1597
Cui W, Cheng JJ (2015) Growing duckweed for biofuel
production: a review. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 17(Suppl
1):16–23
Culley DD, Epps EA (1973) Use of Duckweed for waste
treatment and animal feed. J Water Pollut Con F 45
(2):337–347
D’Hont A, Denoeud F, Aury JM, Baurens FC, Carreel F,
Garsmeur O, Noel B, Bocs S, Droc G, Rouard M, Da
Silva C, Jabbari K, Cardi C, Poulain J, Souquet M,
82
D. An and W. Wang