Nasir A, Strauch S, Becker I, Sperling A, Schuster M, Richter P, Weißkopf M, Ntefidou M,
Daiker V, An Y (2014) The influence of microgravity on Euglena gracilis as studied on
Shenzhou 8. Plant Biol 16:113–119
Neugebauer DC, Machemer-Röhnisch S, Nagel U, Bräucker R, Machemer H (1998) Evidence
of central and peripheral gravireception in the ciliate Loxodes striatus. J Comp Physiol
A 183:303–311
Nilius B, Appendino G, Owsianik G (2012) The transient receptor potential channel TRPA1: from
gene to pathophysiology. Pflugers Arch 464:425–458
Ntefidou M, Richter P, Streb C, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2002) High light exposure leads to a sign
change in gravitaxis of the flagellate Euglena gracilis. Life in space for life on earth. 8th
European symposium on life sciences research in space. 23rd annual international gravitational
physiology meeting, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, ESA SP-501
Piazena H, Häder D-P (1995) Vertical distribution of phytoplankton in coastal waters and its
detection by backscattering measurements. Photochem Photobiol 62:1027–1034
Platt JB (1899) On the specific gravity of Spirostomum, Paramecium and the tadpole in relation to
the problem of geotaxis. Am Nat 33:31
Raymont JE (2014) Plankton & Productivity in the oceans: volume 1: phytoplankton. Pergamon
Press, Oxford
Renart MF, Sebastian J, Mato JM (1981) Adenylate cyclase activity in permeabilized cells from
Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell Biol Int Rep 5:1045–1054
Rhiel E, Häder D-P, Wehrmeyer W (1988) Diaphototaxis and gravitaxis in a freshwater
Cryptomonas. Plant Cell Physiol 29:755–760
Richter P, Lebert M, Korn R, Häder D-P (2001) Possible involvement of the membrane potential in
the gravitactic orientation of Euglena gracilis. J Plant Physiol 158:35–39
Richter P, Ntefidou M, Streb C, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2002a) Physiological characterization of
gravitaxis in Euglena gracilis. J Gravit Physiol 9:279–280
Richter PR, Ntefidou M, Streb C, Faddoul J, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2002b) High light exposure
leads to a sign change of gravitaxis in the flagellate Euglena gracilis. Acta Protozool
41:343–351
Richter PR, Schuster M, Wagner H, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2002c) Physiological parameters of
gravitaxis in the flagellate Euglena gracilis obtained during a parabolic flight campaign. J Plant
Physiol 159:181–190
Richter P, Börnig A, Streb C, Ntefidou M, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2003a) Effects of increased
salinity on gravitaxis in Euglena gracilis. J Plant Physiol 160:651–656
Richter P, Ntefidou M, Streb C, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2003b) The role of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) in signaling of light stress. Recent Res Dev Biochem 4:957–970
Richter PR, Streb C, Ntefidou M, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2003c) High light-induced sign change of
gravitaxis in the flagellate Euglena gracilis is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Acta
Protozool 42:197–204
Richter PR, Schuster M, Meyer I, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2006) Indications for accelerationdependent changes of membrane potential in the flagellate Euglena gracilis. Protoplasma
229:101–108
Richter PR, Häder D-P, Gonçalves RJ, Marcoval MA, Villafañe VE, Helbling EW (2007) Vertical
migration and motility responses in three marine phytoplankton species exposed to solar
radiation. Photochem Photobiol 83:810–817
Roberts AM (1970) Geotaxis in motile micro-organisms. J Exp Biol 53:687–699
Russo E, Salzano M, De Falco V, Mian C, Barollo S, Secondo A, Bifulco M, Vitale M (2014)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and its endogenous inhibitor α in medullary
thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res 20:1513–1520
Sachs F, Morris CE (1998) Mechanosensitive ion channels in nonspecialized cells. In: Blaustein
MP, Greger R, Grunicke H et al (eds) Reviews of physiology and biochemistry and pharmacology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 1–78
44
3 Gravitaxis in Flagellates and Ciliates
Daiker V, An Y (2014) The influence of microgravity on Euglena gracilis as studied on
Shenzhou 8. Plant Biol 16:113–119
Neugebauer DC, Machemer-Röhnisch S, Nagel U, Bräucker R, Machemer H (1998) Evidence
of central and peripheral gravireception in the ciliate Loxodes striatus. J Comp Physiol
A 183:303–311
Nilius B, Appendino G, Owsianik G (2012) The transient receptor potential channel TRPA1: from
gene to pathophysiology. Pflugers Arch 464:425–458
Ntefidou M, Richter P, Streb C, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2002) High light exposure leads to a sign
change in gravitaxis of the flagellate Euglena gracilis. Life in space for life on earth. 8th
European symposium on life sciences research in space. 23rd annual international gravitational
physiology meeting, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, ESA SP-501
Piazena H, Häder D-P (1995) Vertical distribution of phytoplankton in coastal waters and its
detection by backscattering measurements. Photochem Photobiol 62:1027–1034
Platt JB (1899) On the specific gravity of Spirostomum, Paramecium and the tadpole in relation to
the problem of geotaxis. Am Nat 33:31
Raymont JE (2014) Plankton & Productivity in the oceans: volume 1: phytoplankton. Pergamon
Press, Oxford
Renart MF, Sebastian J, Mato JM (1981) Adenylate cyclase activity in permeabilized cells from
Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell Biol Int Rep 5:1045–1054
Rhiel E, Häder D-P, Wehrmeyer W (1988) Diaphototaxis and gravitaxis in a freshwater
Cryptomonas. Plant Cell Physiol 29:755–760
Richter P, Lebert M, Korn R, Häder D-P (2001) Possible involvement of the membrane potential in
the gravitactic orientation of Euglena gracilis. J Plant Physiol 158:35–39
Richter P, Ntefidou M, Streb C, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2002a) Physiological characterization of
gravitaxis in Euglena gracilis. J Gravit Physiol 9:279–280
Richter PR, Ntefidou M, Streb C, Faddoul J, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2002b) High light exposure
leads to a sign change of gravitaxis in the flagellate Euglena gracilis. Acta Protozool
41:343–351
Richter PR, Schuster M, Wagner H, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2002c) Physiological parameters of
gravitaxis in the flagellate Euglena gracilis obtained during a parabolic flight campaign. J Plant
Physiol 159:181–190
Richter P, Börnig A, Streb C, Ntefidou M, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2003a) Effects of increased
salinity on gravitaxis in Euglena gracilis. J Plant Physiol 160:651–656
Richter P, Ntefidou M, Streb C, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2003b) The role of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) in signaling of light stress. Recent Res Dev Biochem 4:957–970
Richter PR, Streb C, Ntefidou M, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2003c) High light-induced sign change of
gravitaxis in the flagellate Euglena gracilis is mediated by reactive oxygen species. Acta
Protozool 42:197–204
Richter PR, Schuster M, Meyer I, Lebert M, Häder D-P (2006) Indications for accelerationdependent changes of membrane potential in the flagellate Euglena gracilis. Protoplasma
229:101–108
Richter PR, Häder D-P, Gonçalves RJ, Marcoval MA, Villafañe VE, Helbling EW (2007) Vertical
migration and motility responses in three marine phytoplankton species exposed to solar
radiation. Photochem Photobiol 83:810–817
Roberts AM (1970) Geotaxis in motile micro-organisms. J Exp Biol 53:687–699
Russo E, Salzano M, De Falco V, Mian C, Barollo S, Secondo A, Bifulco M, Vitale M (2014)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and its endogenous inhibitor α in medullary
thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res 20:1513–1520
Sachs F, Morris CE (1998) Mechanosensitive ion channels in nonspecialized cells. In: Blaustein
MP, Greger R, Grunicke H et al (eds) Reviews of physiology and biochemistry and pharmacology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 1–78
44
3 Gravitaxis in Flagellates and Ciliates