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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018
S. Gerecht (ed.), Biophysical Regulation of Vascular Differentiation and
Assembly, Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99319-5_4
Chapter 4
Hypoxia and Matrix Manipulation
for Vascular Engineering
Michael R. Blatchley, Hasan E. Abaci, Donny Hanjaya-Putra,
and Sharon Gerecht
4.1 Introduction
The permanency of multicellular organisms on Earth is stringently reliant on the
ability of cells to respond and adapt to their surrounding milieu. Cells respond to a
complex array of biological, biophysical, and biochemical cues to develop and
regenerate functional tissues. Alterations to these properties can catastrophically
result in impaired development or healing, as well as tumor development and
M. R. Blatchley
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical
Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology,
Baltimore, MD, USA
H. E. Abaci
Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
D. Hanjaya-Putra
Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Notre Dame, IN, USA
S. Gerecht (*)
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins Physical
Sciences–Oncology Center and Institute for NanoBioTechnology,
Baltimore, MD, USA
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD, USA
Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD, USA
e-mail: gerecht@jhu.edu