significantly since the turn of this millennia. New incidences of cavity-influenced
photophysical phenomena such as singlet oxygen generation and anthracene phosphorescence have been demonstrated, while previously demonstrated phenomena
such as TICT and photocycloaddition have been studied in greater detail. CDs
dominated this area of research till the turn of this century, while CBs and OAs
allowed supramolecular photochemists to explore new frontiers since the early
2000s. Though the modern cavitands (CBs and OAs) were markedly different
from CDs with far superior binding strengths and unprecedented structure control
on guest, they are still in the same single/small molecule dimension, relatively
simple binding site characteristics, and cavity function. Future cavitands of larger
dimension and complexity could be envisioned, which would allow photochemists
to alter and study molecular behavior in unprecedented manner.
As represented in this chapter, the inter-subdisciplinary area of supramolecular
photochemistry has predominantly explored familiar excited-state phenomena in
newer chemical contexts. Future expansion in this area is expected to occur alongside synthesis/discovery of newer cavitands. As novel cavitands with wider supramolecular capabilities emerge, the opportunities to study previously unexplored
excited-state dynamics would also arise. In addition to unraveling fundamental
scientific knowledge of the excited-state characteristics, modern host-guest photochemistry has also realized very interesting applications using a rational approach,
such as optical devices, synthetic utility, and disinfectants. Another notable activity
in this area is the evolution of this strategy from molecular realm to macroscopic and
material domains. It is anticipated that future researchers in this area would result in
commercializable technology with real-time use.
Acknowledgments AN thanks GE Additive to support and approve the publication content. MP
would like to thank his professional and life partner, Dr. Surabhi Chandra, for her support and
patience during the preparation of this chapter. He also expresses his gratitude to Dr. Richard
Mocarski (Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research) for his passionate support for research and
providing new opportunities for researchers at UNK.
References
1. Bach T (2015) More chemistry with light! More light in chemistry! Angew Chem Int Ed
54:11294–11295
2. Roth HD (2001) Twentieth century developments in photochemistry. Brief historical sketches.
Pure Appl Chem 73:395–403
3. Chan BP (2010) Biomedical applications of photochemistry. Tissue Eng Part B Rev
16:509–522
4. Pape M (1975) Industrial applications of photochemistry. Pure Appl Chem 41:535–558
5. Steed JW, Atwood JL (eds) (2009) Supramolecular chemistry.2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester
6. Balzani V (1990) Supramolecular photochemistry. Pure Appl Chem 62:1099–1102
7. Turro NJ (1996) Supramolecular photochemistry. A paradigm for the 1990s? J Photochem
Photobiol A Chem 100:53–56
8. Ramamurthy V, Schanze KS (2003) Photochemistry of organic molecules in isotropic and
anisotropic media. In: Molecular and supramolecular photochemistry, vol 9. Marcel Dekker,
New York
364
M. Pattabiraman and A. Natarajan
photophysical phenomena such as singlet oxygen generation and anthracene phosphorescence have been demonstrated, while previously demonstrated phenomena
such as TICT and photocycloaddition have been studied in greater detail. CDs
dominated this area of research till the turn of this century, while CBs and OAs
allowed supramolecular photochemists to explore new frontiers since the early
2000s. Though the modern cavitands (CBs and OAs) were markedly different
from CDs with far superior binding strengths and unprecedented structure control
on guest, they are still in the same single/small molecule dimension, relatively
simple binding site characteristics, and cavity function. Future cavitands of larger
dimension and complexity could be envisioned, which would allow photochemists
to alter and study molecular behavior in unprecedented manner.
As represented in this chapter, the inter-subdisciplinary area of supramolecular
photochemistry has predominantly explored familiar excited-state phenomena in
newer chemical contexts. Future expansion in this area is expected to occur alongside synthesis/discovery of newer cavitands. As novel cavitands with wider supramolecular capabilities emerge, the opportunities to study previously unexplored
excited-state dynamics would also arise. In addition to unraveling fundamental
scientific knowledge of the excited-state characteristics, modern host-guest photochemistry has also realized very interesting applications using a rational approach,
such as optical devices, synthetic utility, and disinfectants. Another notable activity
in this area is the evolution of this strategy from molecular realm to macroscopic and
material domains. It is anticipated that future researchers in this area would result in
commercializable technology with real-time use.
Acknowledgments AN thanks GE Additive to support and approve the publication content. MP
would like to thank his professional and life partner, Dr. Surabhi Chandra, for her support and
patience during the preparation of this chapter. He also expresses his gratitude to Dr. Richard
Mocarski (Assistant Vice Chancellor for Research) for his passionate support for research and
providing new opportunities for researchers at UNK.
References
1. Bach T (2015) More chemistry with light! More light in chemistry! Angew Chem Int Ed
54:11294–11295
2. Roth HD (2001) Twentieth century developments in photochemistry. Brief historical sketches.
Pure Appl Chem 73:395–403
3. Chan BP (2010) Biomedical applications of photochemistry. Tissue Eng Part B Rev
16:509–522
4. Pape M (1975) Industrial applications of photochemistry. Pure Appl Chem 41:535–558
5. Steed JW, Atwood JL (eds) (2009) Supramolecular chemistry.2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester
6. Balzani V (1990) Supramolecular photochemistry. Pure Appl Chem 62:1099–1102
7. Turro NJ (1996) Supramolecular photochemistry. A paradigm for the 1990s? J Photochem
Photobiol A Chem 100:53–56
8. Ramamurthy V, Schanze KS (2003) Photochemistry of organic molecules in isotropic and
anisotropic media. In: Molecular and supramolecular photochemistry, vol 9. Marcel Dekker,
New York
364
M. Pattabiraman and A. Natarajan