ionic azobenzenes (summarized in Table 3) into layered clay minerals [62, 163–165,
167, 186, 336–340], layered double hydroxide (LDH) [341], potassium hexaniobate
(K 4 Nb 6 O 17 ) [342], and a titanoniobate [343] by ion exchange reactions.
The photochromism of AZ was observed in organically modified KF [334] and
TSM [162, 349]. The fraction of the cis-isomer of AZ in
didodecyldimethylammonium (2C 18 2C 1 N
+
)-TSM was about 80% at the
Table 2 Fraction of cis-isomer of azobenzene derivatives
Derivative
State
cisisomer
fraction
Excitation
wavelength
(nm)
Reference
AZ
Cyclohexane
80%
254
Kojima
et al.
[313]
Toluene
91%
365
Fischer
et al.
[314]
Zeolite NaY (pore size: 0.74 nm)
80%
313
Kojima
et al.
[313]
Sodium mordenite (pore size:
0.7 Â 0.65 nm)
50%
313
Kojima
et al.
[313]
TrimethylAZ
Methylcyclohexane-isohexane 2:1 83%
313
Gegiou
et al.
[319]
HexamethylAZ Methylcyclohexane-isohexane 2:1 60%
313
Gegiou
et al.
[319]
C 1 AZC 2 OH
Ethanol
93%
365
Ueda et al.
[316]
PMMA (M n ¼ 1.0 Â 10
5
,
T g ¼ 105
C)
93%
365
Ueda et al.
[316]
SiO 2 (sol-gel film)
64%
365
Ueda et al.
[316]
PEAZ-PAA
Multilayer film with
polystyrenesulfonate (PSS)
Dry film:
31%
Swollen
film: 50%
320–380
Suzuki
et al.
[317]
COClAZ
Introduced as a part of polymers in
N,N-dimethylacetamide
65–70%
370–400
Beattie
et al.
[318]
AZC 2 N
+ C 2 OH MCM-41 with 3.2 nm pore size
70%
350
Ogawa
et al.
[333]
C 8 AZC 20 Py
+
LB film with
dimyristoylphosphatidic acid
(DMPA)
Ca. 90%
365
Maak
et al.
[332]
Photofunctions of Dye-Clay Hybrids: Recent Developments
277
167, 186, 336–340], layered double hydroxide (LDH) [341], potassium hexaniobate
(K 4 Nb 6 O 17 ) [342], and a titanoniobate [343] by ion exchange reactions.
The photochromism of AZ was observed in organically modified KF [334] and
TSM [162, 349]. The fraction of the cis-isomer of AZ in
didodecyldimethylammonium (2C 18 2C 1 N
+
)-TSM was about 80% at the
Table 2 Fraction of cis-isomer of azobenzene derivatives
Derivative
State
cisisomer
fraction
Excitation
wavelength
(nm)
Reference
AZ
Cyclohexane
80%
254
Kojima
et al.
[313]
Toluene
91%
365
Fischer
et al.
[314]
Zeolite NaY (pore size: 0.74 nm)
80%
313
Kojima
et al.
[313]
Sodium mordenite (pore size:
0.7 Â 0.65 nm)
50%
313
Kojima
et al.
[313]
TrimethylAZ
Methylcyclohexane-isohexane 2:1 83%
313
Gegiou
et al.
[319]
HexamethylAZ Methylcyclohexane-isohexane 2:1 60%
313
Gegiou
et al.
[319]
C 1 AZC 2 OH
Ethanol
93%
365
Ueda et al.
[316]
PMMA (M n ¼ 1.0 Â 10
5
,
T g ¼ 105
C)
93%
365
Ueda et al.
[316]
SiO 2 (sol-gel film)
64%
365
Ueda et al.
[316]
PEAZ-PAA
Multilayer film with
polystyrenesulfonate (PSS)
Dry film:
31%
Swollen
film: 50%
320–380
Suzuki
et al.
[317]
COClAZ
Introduced as a part of polymers in
N,N-dimethylacetamide
65–70%
370–400
Beattie
et al.
[318]
AZC 2 N
+ C 2 OH MCM-41 with 3.2 nm pore size
70%
350
Ogawa
et al.
[333]
C 8 AZC 20 Py
+
LB film with
dimyristoylphosphatidic acid
(DMPA)
Ca. 90%
365
Maak
et al.
[332]
Photofunctions of Dye-Clay Hybrids: Recent Developments
277