properties of smectites modified with aliphatic and aromatic ammonium ions have
also been investigated [101, 108, 109]. Pore size and porosity are controlled by
selecting pillaring agents.
Synthetic clays by hydrothermal method have been developed as summarized in
Table 1 and become necessary products for clay research thanks to the high purities
and regular chemical equations. The careful syntheses of the clay minerals have been
done to control the size of the silicate layers and layer charge densities. The research
about the ion exchange led to the development of organically modified clays, which
enabled to intercalate non-polar organic compounds into the interlayer spaces
[110, 111]. The LB and LbL techniques have been used to fabricate thin films,
while the effective swelling and subsequent evaporation of organically modified
clays [76] led the thick films with improved quality.
4 Photophysics of Dye-Clay Hybrid Systems
4.1 Changes in the Absorption Properties, Color Change,
and Stability
4.1.1 Effects of Host-Guest Interactions
The interactions between lone pair of the oxygen atom of silicate layer of clays and
π-electron of dyes were proposed to affect for relatively planar structured dyes such
as crystal violet [38, 39, 45–47], rhodamine B [48], pyronin Y [49], thiazines [50–
Table 1 Abbreviation of specific clays discussed in this chapter
Abbreviation
in this chapter
Product
name
Type and origin
Producer/authorization company
KF
Kunipia F Na-montmorillonite from
Tsukinuno, Yamagawa,
Japan
Kunimine Ind. Co., Reference Clay
Sample of Clay Science Society of
Japan
SWy-1
Na-montmorillonite from
Wyoming, USA
Source Clays Repository of the Clay
Minerals Society
SYn-1
Barasym
SSM-100
Synthetic micamontmorillonite
Source Clays Repository of the Clay
Minerals Society
SA
Sumecton
SA
Synthetic saponite
Kunimine Ind. Co., Reference Clay
Sample of Clay Science Society of
Japan
HE
Sumecton
SWF
Synthetic hectorite
Kunimine Ind. Co.
LP-XLG
Laponite
XLG
Synthetic hectorite
Laporte Industry
LP-RD
Laponite
RD
Synthetic hectorite
Laporte Industry
TSM
Fluor-tetrasilicic mica
Topy Industry Co.
Photofunctions of Dye-Clay Hybrids: Recent Developments
257
also been investigated [101, 108, 109]. Pore size and porosity are controlled by
selecting pillaring agents.
Synthetic clays by hydrothermal method have been developed as summarized in
Table 1 and become necessary products for clay research thanks to the high purities
and regular chemical equations. The careful syntheses of the clay minerals have been
done to control the size of the silicate layers and layer charge densities. The research
about the ion exchange led to the development of organically modified clays, which
enabled to intercalate non-polar organic compounds into the interlayer spaces
[110, 111]. The LB and LbL techniques have been used to fabricate thin films,
while the effective swelling and subsequent evaporation of organically modified
clays [76] led the thick films with improved quality.
4 Photophysics of Dye-Clay Hybrid Systems
4.1 Changes in the Absorption Properties, Color Change,
and Stability
4.1.1 Effects of Host-Guest Interactions
The interactions between lone pair of the oxygen atom of silicate layer of clays and
π-electron of dyes were proposed to affect for relatively planar structured dyes such
as crystal violet [38, 39, 45–47], rhodamine B [48], pyronin Y [49], thiazines [50–
Table 1 Abbreviation of specific clays discussed in this chapter
Abbreviation
in this chapter
Product
name
Type and origin
Producer/authorization company
KF
Kunipia F Na-montmorillonite from
Tsukinuno, Yamagawa,
Japan
Kunimine Ind. Co., Reference Clay
Sample of Clay Science Society of
Japan
SWy-1
Na-montmorillonite from
Wyoming, USA
Source Clays Repository of the Clay
Minerals Society
SYn-1
Barasym
SSM-100
Synthetic micamontmorillonite
Source Clays Repository of the Clay
Minerals Society
SA
Sumecton
SA
Synthetic saponite
Kunimine Ind. Co., Reference Clay
Sample of Clay Science Society of
Japan
HE
Sumecton
SWF
Synthetic hectorite
Kunimine Ind. Co.
LP-XLG
Laponite
XLG
Synthetic hectorite
Laporte Industry
LP-RD
Laponite
RD
Synthetic hectorite
Laporte Industry
TSM
Fluor-tetrasilicic mica
Topy Industry Co.
Photofunctions of Dye-Clay Hybrids: Recent Developments
257