42. Chun L, Kim S-E, Cho M, Choe W-S, Nam J, Lee DW, Lee Y (2013) Electrochemical detection
of HER2 using single stranded DNA aptamer modified gold nanoparticles electrode. Sens
Actuators B 186:446–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.046
43. Liao W, Cui XT (2007) Reagentless aptamer based impedance biosensor for monitoring
a neuro-inflammatory cytokine PDGF. Biosens Bioelectron 23(2):218–224. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.bios.2007.04.004
44. Liao W, Randall BA, Alba NA, Cui XT (2008) Conducting polymer-based impedimetric
aptamer biosensor for in situ detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 392(5):861–864. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00216-008-2354-8
45. Zhang Z, Guo C, Zhang S, He L, Wang M, Peng D, Tian J, Fang S (2017) Carbon-based
nanocomposites with aptamer-templated silver nanoclusters for the highly sensitive and
selective detection of platelet-derived growth factor. Biosens Bioelectron 89(Pt 2):735–742.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.019
46. He L, Zhang S, Ji H, Wang M, Peng D, Yan F, Fang S, Zhang H, Jia C, Zhang Z (2016) Proteintemplated cobaltous phosphate nanocomposites for the highly sensitive and selective detection
of platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Biosens Bioelectron 79:553–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.bios.2015.12.095
47. Bard AJ, Crayston JA, Kittlesen GP, Shea TV, Wrighton MS (1986) Digital simulation of
the measured electrochemical response of reversible redox couples at microelectrode arrays:
consequences arising from closely spaced ultramicroelectrodes. Anal Chem 58(11):2321–2331
48. Löhndorf M, Schlecht U, Gronewold TMA, Malavé A, Tewes M (2005) Microfabricated
high-performance microwave impedance biosensors for detection of aptamer-protein
interactions. Appl Phys Lett 87(24):243902–243903. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2146058
49. Schlecht U, Malave A, Gronewold T, Tewes M, Lohndorf M (2006) Comparison of
antibody and aptamer receptors for the specific detection of thrombin with a nanometer
gap-sized impedance biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 573–574:65–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
aca.2006.01.016
50. Schlecht U, Malave A, Gronewold TM, Tewes M, Lohndorf M (2007) Detection of
Rev peptides with impedance-sensors – comparison of device-geometries. Biosens Bioelectron
22(9-10):2337–2340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.034
51. Mannoor MS, James T, Ivanov DV, Beadling L, Braunlin W (2010) Nanogap dielectric
spectroscopy for aptamer-based protein detection. Biophys J 98(4):724–732. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.bpj.2009.10.042
52. Thévenot DR, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS (2001) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended
definitions and classification. Biosens Bioelectron 16:121–131
53. Wehbe M, Labib M, Muharemagic D, Zamay AS, Berezovski MV (2015) Switchable aptamers
for biosensing and bioseparation of viruses (SwAps-V). Biosens Bioelectron 67:280–286.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.033
54. Guo C, Su F, Song Y, Hu B, Wang M, He L, Peng D, Zhang Z (2017) Aptamer-templated
silver nanoclusters embedded in zirconium metal-organic framework for bifunctional
electrochemical and SPR aptasensors toward carcinoembryonic antigen. ACS Appl Mater
Interfaces 9(47):41188–41199. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b14952
55. Lin Z, Chen L, Zhang G, Liu Q, Qiu B, Cai Z, Chen G (2012) Label-free aptamer-based
electrochemical impedance biosensor for 17beta-estradiol. Analyst 137(4):819–822. https://doi.
org/10.1039/c1an15856b
56. Ma Y, Liu J, Li H (2017) Diamond-based electrochemical aptasensor realizing a femtomolar
detection limit of bisphenol A. Biosens Bioelectron 92:21–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.
2017.01.041
57. Shen H, Yang J, Chen Z, Chen X, Wang L, Hu J, Ji F, Xie G, Feng W (2016) A novel label-free
and reusable electrochemical cytosensor for highly sensitive detection and specific collection of
CTCs. Biosens Bioelectron 81:495–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.048
40
P. Reich et al.
of HER2 using single stranded DNA aptamer modified gold nanoparticles electrode. Sens
Actuators B 186:446–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.06.046
43. Liao W, Cui XT (2007) Reagentless aptamer based impedance biosensor for monitoring
a neuro-inflammatory cytokine PDGF. Biosens Bioelectron 23(2):218–224. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.bios.2007.04.004
44. Liao W, Randall BA, Alba NA, Cui XT (2008) Conducting polymer-based impedimetric
aptamer biosensor for in situ detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 392(5):861–864. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00216-008-2354-8
45. Zhang Z, Guo C, Zhang S, He L, Wang M, Peng D, Tian J, Fang S (2017) Carbon-based
nanocomposites with aptamer-templated silver nanoclusters for the highly sensitive and
selective detection of platelet-derived growth factor. Biosens Bioelectron 89(Pt 2):735–742.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.11.019
46. He L, Zhang S, Ji H, Wang M, Peng D, Yan F, Fang S, Zhang H, Jia C, Zhang Z (2016) Proteintemplated cobaltous phosphate nanocomposites for the highly sensitive and selective detection
of platelet-derived growth factor-BB. Biosens Bioelectron 79:553–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.bios.2015.12.095
47. Bard AJ, Crayston JA, Kittlesen GP, Shea TV, Wrighton MS (1986) Digital simulation of
the measured electrochemical response of reversible redox couples at microelectrode arrays:
consequences arising from closely spaced ultramicroelectrodes. Anal Chem 58(11):2321–2331
48. Löhndorf M, Schlecht U, Gronewold TMA, Malavé A, Tewes M (2005) Microfabricated
high-performance microwave impedance biosensors for detection of aptamer-protein
interactions. Appl Phys Lett 87(24):243902–243903. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2146058
49. Schlecht U, Malave A, Gronewold T, Tewes M, Lohndorf M (2006) Comparison of
antibody and aptamer receptors for the specific detection of thrombin with a nanometer
gap-sized impedance biosensor. Anal Chim Acta 573–574:65–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
aca.2006.01.016
50. Schlecht U, Malave A, Gronewold TM, Tewes M, Lohndorf M (2007) Detection of
Rev peptides with impedance-sensors – comparison of device-geometries. Biosens Bioelectron
22(9-10):2337–2340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.034
51. Mannoor MS, James T, Ivanov DV, Beadling L, Braunlin W (2010) Nanogap dielectric
spectroscopy for aptamer-based protein detection. Biophys J 98(4):724–732. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.bpj.2009.10.042
52. Thévenot DR, Toth K, Durst RA, Wilson GS (2001) Electrochemical biosensors: recommended
definitions and classification. Biosens Bioelectron 16:121–131
53. Wehbe M, Labib M, Muharemagic D, Zamay AS, Berezovski MV (2015) Switchable aptamers
for biosensing and bioseparation of viruses (SwAps-V). Biosens Bioelectron 67:280–286.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.08.033
54. Guo C, Su F, Song Y, Hu B, Wang M, He L, Peng D, Zhang Z (2017) Aptamer-templated
silver nanoclusters embedded in zirconium metal-organic framework for bifunctional
electrochemical and SPR aptasensors toward carcinoembryonic antigen. ACS Appl Mater
Interfaces 9(47):41188–41199. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b14952
55. Lin Z, Chen L, Zhang G, Liu Q, Qiu B, Cai Z, Chen G (2012) Label-free aptamer-based
electrochemical impedance biosensor for 17beta-estradiol. Analyst 137(4):819–822. https://doi.
org/10.1039/c1an15856b
56. Ma Y, Liu J, Li H (2017) Diamond-based electrochemical aptasensor realizing a femtomolar
detection limit of bisphenol A. Biosens Bioelectron 92:21–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.
2017.01.041
57. Shen H, Yang J, Chen Z, Chen X, Wang L, Hu J, Ji F, Xie G, Feng W (2016) A novel label-free
and reusable electrochemical cytosensor for highly sensitive detection and specific collection of
CTCs. Biosens Bioelectron 81:495–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.048
40
P. Reich et al.