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pipelines. Theranostics 8(15):4016–4032. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.25958
6. Mayer G (2009) The chemical biology of aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed 48(15):2672–2689.
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200804643
7. Zhou J, Rossi J (2017) Aptamers as targeted therapeutics: current potential and challenges.
Nat Rev Drug Discov 16(3):181–202. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2016.199
8. Bruno JG (2015) Predicting the uncertain future of aptamer-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
Molecules 20(4):6866–6887. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20046866
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5 Feb
14. Boyle DS (2015) UNITAID tuberculosis diagnostics technology & market landscape
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17. Pai NP, Vadnais C, Denkinger C, Engel N, Pai M (2012) Point-of-care testing for infectious
diseases: diversity, complexity, and barriers in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS Med 9
(9):e1001306. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001306
18. Lavania S, Das R, Dhiman A, Myneedu VP, Verma A, Singh N, Sharma TK, Tyagi JS (2018)
Aptamer-based TB antigen tests for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: potential
utility in screening for tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 4:1718–1726. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acsinfecdis.8b00201
19. Kaur H, Bhagwat SR, Sharma TK, Kumar A (2018) Analytical techniques for characterization
of biological molecules – proteins and aptamers/oligonucleotides. Bioanalysis 11:103–117.
https://doi.org/10.4155/bio-2018-0225
20. Kaur H, Li JJ, Bay BH, Yung LYL (2013) Investigating the antiproliferative activity of high
affinity DNA aptamer on cancer cells. PLoS One 8(1):e50964. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
pone.0050964
21. Kaur H, Yung LYL (2012) Probing high affinity sequences of DNA aptamer against VEGF
165. PLoS One 7(2):19–26. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031196
22. Sharma TK, Bruno JG, Cho WC (2016) The point behind translation of aptamers for point of
care diagnostics. Aptamers Synth Antibodies 2(2):36–42
23. Huang H, Zhao G, Dou W (2018) Portable and quantitative point-of-care monitoring of
Escherichia coli O157:H7 using a personal glucose meter based on immunochromatographic
assay. Biosens Bioelectron 107:266–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.027
24. Kapasi AJ, Dittrich S, González IJ, Rodwell TC (2016) Host biomarkers for distinguishing
bacterial from non-bacterial causes of acute febrile illness: a comprehensive review. PLoS One
11(8):1–29. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160278
25. Jenison RD, Gill SC, Pardi A, Polisky B (1994) High-resolution molecular discrimination by
RNA. Science 263(5152):1425–1429. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7510417
26. Cruz-Aguado JA, Penner G (2008) Determination of ochratoxin A with a DNA aptamer. J Agric
Food Chem 56(22):10456–10461. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801957h
208
H. Kaur et al.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-015-9705-9
5. Kaur H, Bruno JG, Kumar A, Sharma TK (2018) Aptamers in the therapeutics and diagnostics
pipelines. Theranostics 8(15):4016–4032. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.25958
6. Mayer G (2009) The chemical biology of aptamers. Angew Chem Int Ed 48(15):2672–2689.
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200804643
7. Zhou J, Rossi J (2017) Aptamers as targeted therapeutics: current potential and challenges.
Nat Rev Drug Discov 16(3):181–202. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2016.199
8. Bruno JG (2015) Predicting the uncertain future of aptamer-based diagnostics and therapeutics.
Molecules 20(4):6866–6887. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20046866
9. Investors – Aptamer Group (2019) https://www.aptamergroup.co.uk/find-out-more/investors/.
Accessed 5 Feb
10. Dhiman A, Kalra P, Bansal V, Bruno JG, Sharma TK (2017) Aptamer-based point-of-care
diagnostic platforms. Sens Actuators B 246:535–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.02.
060
11. Emerging Life Sciences Series (2011) Defining your target product profile: therapeutics. MaRS
Entrepreneur Workbooks
12. Report Consensus Meeting (2017) Consensus meeting report
13. Tuberculosis (2019) https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis. Accessed
5 Feb
14. Boyle DS (2015) UNITAID tuberculosis diagnostics technology & market landscape
2nd-edition 2013
15. WHO (2013) Global Tuberculosis Report 2013
16. Weyer K, Mirzayev F, Migliori GB, Van Gemert W, D’Ambrosio L, Zignol M, Floyd K et al
(2013) Rapid molecular TB diagnosis: evidence, policy making and global implementation of
xpert MTB/RIF. Eur Respir J 42(1):252–271. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00157212
17. Pai NP, Vadnais C, Denkinger C, Engel N, Pai M (2012) Point-of-care testing for infectious
diseases: diversity, complexity, and barriers in low- and middle-income countries. PLoS Med 9
(9):e1001306. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001306
18. Lavania S, Das R, Dhiman A, Myneedu VP, Verma A, Singh N, Sharma TK, Tyagi JS (2018)
Aptamer-based TB antigen tests for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: potential
utility in screening for tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 4:1718–1726. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acsinfecdis.8b00201
19. Kaur H, Bhagwat SR, Sharma TK, Kumar A (2018) Analytical techniques for characterization
of biological molecules – proteins and aptamers/oligonucleotides. Bioanalysis 11:103–117.
https://doi.org/10.4155/bio-2018-0225
20. Kaur H, Li JJ, Bay BH, Yung LYL (2013) Investigating the antiproliferative activity of high
affinity DNA aptamer on cancer cells. PLoS One 8(1):e50964. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.
pone.0050964
21. Kaur H, Yung LYL (2012) Probing high affinity sequences of DNA aptamer against VEGF
165. PLoS One 7(2):19–26. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031196
22. Sharma TK, Bruno JG, Cho WC (2016) The point behind translation of aptamers for point of
care diagnostics. Aptamers Synth Antibodies 2(2):36–42
23. Huang H, Zhao G, Dou W (2018) Portable and quantitative point-of-care monitoring of
Escherichia coli O157:H7 using a personal glucose meter based on immunochromatographic
assay. Biosens Bioelectron 107:266–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.027
24. Kapasi AJ, Dittrich S, González IJ, Rodwell TC (2016) Host biomarkers for distinguishing
bacterial from non-bacterial causes of acute febrile illness: a comprehensive review. PLoS One
11(8):1–29. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160278
25. Jenison RD, Gill SC, Pardi A, Polisky B (1994) High-resolution molecular discrimination by
RNA. Science 263(5152):1425–1429. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7510417
26. Cruz-Aguado JA, Penner G (2008) Determination of ochratoxin A with a DNA aptamer. J Agric
Food Chem 56(22):10456–10461. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801957h
208
H. Kaur et al.