Keywords Environment · Pollution · Bioremediation · Eco-friendly
3.1 Introduction
Sustainability on this planet is dependent on the resources which Mother Nature
provides us. However, human has failed in the utilization of the available resources
in a justified and environment friendly manner. Human activities led to the release of
enormous quantities of toxic compounds which include both organic and inorganic.
Deliberated and well-regulated industrial emissions may occur through industrial
emissions or chemical or oil spills which may occur accidentally. These toxic
compounds create irreversible contamination in various ecosystems.
In the recent times, it is well understood that the contaminated sites act as threat
not only for life on the planet but also it has adverse effects on the environment.
Hence, efforts have been made in this direction all over the world in an effort to make
a world better place to live in (Baker and Herson 1994; Kensa 2011; Vidali 2001).
3.2 Bioremediation: A Better Approach
Removal of the contaminated soil and taking it out to a landfill is the conventional
method which is still being used to control the contaminants of an area. Although,
this technique may provide an initial depiction that the problem of contamination is
being solved. But it has the potential of creating even greater risks in the process of
digging the contaminated soil, dealing with the contaminated soil and carrying out
the material to the destination i.e. a selected landfill. The transportation of the
contaminated material may also be quite tedious and may cost hugely financially.
Nowadays, various methods like introduction of contaminants to ignition at extreme
temperature along with several chemical methods are being used effectively to
reduce the contamination levels, but they find a much low acceptability on the
public front due to technical complexity and exposure to contaminants. In this
scenario, bioremediation emerged as an option in terms of destroying or converting
the pollutants into much less harmful ingredients using natural biological activity
(Evanko and Dzombak 1997; Gómez Orea 2004; Kensa 2011; Prasad 2004; Vidali
2001).
The process of bioremediation is an environment and expenditure friendly
approach to retrieve the ecosystems which have been polluted due to human
activities. Bioremediation is a combination of various techniques and methods
which helps in achieving successful results (Abatenh et al. 2017; Azubuike et al.
2016; Verma and Jaiswal 2016).
86
S. K. Yadav
3.1 Introduction
Sustainability on this planet is dependent on the resources which Mother Nature
provides us. However, human has failed in the utilization of the available resources
in a justified and environment friendly manner. Human activities led to the release of
enormous quantities of toxic compounds which include both organic and inorganic.
Deliberated and well-regulated industrial emissions may occur through industrial
emissions or chemical or oil spills which may occur accidentally. These toxic
compounds create irreversible contamination in various ecosystems.
In the recent times, it is well understood that the contaminated sites act as threat
not only for life on the planet but also it has adverse effects on the environment.
Hence, efforts have been made in this direction all over the world in an effort to make
a world better place to live in (Baker and Herson 1994; Kensa 2011; Vidali 2001).
3.2 Bioremediation: A Better Approach
Removal of the contaminated soil and taking it out to a landfill is the conventional
method which is still being used to control the contaminants of an area. Although,
this technique may provide an initial depiction that the problem of contamination is
being solved. But it has the potential of creating even greater risks in the process of
digging the contaminated soil, dealing with the contaminated soil and carrying out
the material to the destination i.e. a selected landfill. The transportation of the
contaminated material may also be quite tedious and may cost hugely financially.
Nowadays, various methods like introduction of contaminants to ignition at extreme
temperature along with several chemical methods are being used effectively to
reduce the contamination levels, but they find a much low acceptability on the
public front due to technical complexity and exposure to contaminants. In this
scenario, bioremediation emerged as an option in terms of destroying or converting
the pollutants into much less harmful ingredients using natural biological activity
(Evanko and Dzombak 1997; Gómez Orea 2004; Kensa 2011; Prasad 2004; Vidali
2001).
The process of bioremediation is an environment and expenditure friendly
approach to retrieve the ecosystems which have been polluted due to human
activities. Bioremediation is a combination of various techniques and methods
which helps in achieving successful results (Abatenh et al. 2017; Azubuike et al.
2016; Verma and Jaiswal 2016).
86
S. K. Yadav