Chapter 15
Bioaugmentation: A Powerful
Biotechnological Techniques
for Sustainable Ecorestoration of Soil
and Groundwater Contaminants
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Osikemekha Anthony Anani
Contents
15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
15.2 Techniques Used for Bioaugmentation of Soil and Water with Specific Examples . . . 376
15.2.1 Specific Gene Involved in Bioaugmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
15.3 Microbial Derived Materials that Could Enhance the Process of Bioaugmentation . . . 390
15.4 Conclusion and Future Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Abstract The recent advances in industrialization and constant application of
agropesticides have led to increase in the release of hazardous compounds into the
environment. Most of these hazardous compounds possess several adverse effects
which entail high level of toxicity, accumulate, and persist in the environment,
impairment of human health because most of these toxic compounds are anthropogenic and mutagenic in nature. The application of microorganisms possess the
capability to remove pollutants available persistently in contaminated soils.
Bioaugmentation has been recognized as a sustainable bioremediation technology
which involves the application of beneficial microorganism for the ecorestoration of
heavily polluted environment. Therefore, this chapter provides a comprehensive
detail on the application of bioaugmentation for the ecorestoration of heavily
polluted environment. Information on the gene bioaugmentation, rhizosphere
bioaugmentation, and their utilization in the bioremediation of polluted soil has
been discussed in detail. Special emphasis has been laid on some specific gene
C. O. Adetunji (*)
Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of
Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
e-mail: adetunji.charles@edouniversity.edu.ng
O. A. Anani
Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Forensic Biology, Department of Biological Science, Animal
and Environmental Unit, Faculty of Science, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. G. Panpatte, Y. K. Jhala (eds.), Microbial Rejuvenation of Polluted Environment,
Microorganisms for Sustainability 25, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7447-4_15
373
Bioaugmentation: A Powerful
Biotechnological Techniques
for Sustainable Ecorestoration of Soil
and Groundwater Contaminants
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Osikemekha Anthony Anani
Contents
15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
15.2 Techniques Used for Bioaugmentation of Soil and Water with Specific Examples . . . 376
15.2.1 Specific Gene Involved in Bioaugmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
15.3 Microbial Derived Materials that Could Enhance the Process of Bioaugmentation . . . 390
15.4 Conclusion and Future Recommendation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Abstract The recent advances in industrialization and constant application of
agropesticides have led to increase in the release of hazardous compounds into the
environment. Most of these hazardous compounds possess several adverse effects
which entail high level of toxicity, accumulate, and persist in the environment,
impairment of human health because most of these toxic compounds are anthropogenic and mutagenic in nature. The application of microorganisms possess the
capability to remove pollutants available persistently in contaminated soils.
Bioaugmentation has been recognized as a sustainable bioremediation technology
which involves the application of beneficial microorganism for the ecorestoration of
heavily polluted environment. Therefore, this chapter provides a comprehensive
detail on the application of bioaugmentation for the ecorestoration of heavily
polluted environment. Information on the gene bioaugmentation, rhizosphere
bioaugmentation, and their utilization in the bioremediation of polluted soil has
been discussed in detail. Special emphasis has been laid on some specific gene
C. O. Adetunji (*)
Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of
Microbiology, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
e-mail: adetunji.charles@edouniversity.edu.ng
O. A. Anani
Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Forensic Biology, Department of Biological Science, Animal
and Environmental Unit, Faculty of Science, Edo University Iyamho, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
D. G. Panpatte, Y. K. Jhala (eds.), Microbial Rejuvenation of Polluted Environment,
Microorganisms for Sustainability 25, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7447-4_15
373