0.15% g/g. Though, a degradation rate of 5.7 mg/day was observed in the soil treated
with planktonic microbes. The soil samples were subjected to a temperature of 50
C
and varied pH levels to ascertain if they will influence the rate of biofilm degradation, the results showed no significant impact. The findings from this study indicated
that the major resistant strains of microbial biofilms families were
Sphingomonadaceae and the Xanthomonadaceae. The authors in conclusion stated
that being the first study, the utilization of pretreated plasma wood wastes are the
best candidate for the bioremediation of contaminated soil especially diesel
polluted soil.
Piacenza et al. (2017) did a review of the bioremediation of tellurium (Te) and
selenium (Se), chalcogen metals using consortium microbial biofilms. They
recounted that the chalcogens are cosmopolitan natural toxic earth metals which
can be made available in the ecosystem via human activities. The upsurge of these
chalcogens in the environment may contaminate sediments, soils and water, thereby
hindering the life therein. However, those organisms that will survive will
bioaccumulate it and transfer it along the food chain. In other cases, they might
bioconvert or biomethylate these residue toxicants in them, which is a strategy for
sustainability, bringing about an eco-friendly and safer ecosystem. Of recent, many
technological breakthroughs have been made with the utilization of chalcogenoxyanions combined to give rise to valuable nanomaterials that are currently useful
in the fields of bio-engineering, optoelectronics and biomedicine.
It has been highlighted that microplastic (MP; <5 mm) is responsible for the high
contamination of aquatic environment. Their presence in the aquatic environment
has been highlighted as a sources of adverse influence against some biota. Research
on microlitre influences is frequently built on spherical and virgin polymer particles
as model MP. It has been discovered that benthic and pelagic environment surfaces
are usually dominated by microorganisms that developed into biofilms. The role of
such biofilm on the microplastic and their fate in the environment. In view of the
aforementioned, Rummel et al. (2017) wrote a comprehensive review on the physical relationship of early establishment on plastic surfaces and their reciprocal effect
on the weathering processes as vertical movement as well as sorption and their
eventual liberation by microplastic. Moreover, probable ecological influence of
biofilm development on microplastic such as potential detrimental influence of
microplastic, trophic transfer of microplastic are practically unknown. It has been
documented that there is an interesting fact that biofilm–plastic relationship has the
potential to stimulate the impact and fate of microplastic through alternation of the
physical features of the particles. Therefore, it has become a necessity to have a
better knowledge on the relationship and enhance the ecological importance of
current laboratory evaluation by triggering field conditions in which microbial life
constitutes a major driver involved in the driving of biogeochemical processes.
Biofilms are defined as the self-produced extra-polymeric matrices that comprise
sessile microbial community where the cells are characterized by their attachment to
either biotic or abiotic surfaces. These extracellular slime-natured cover encloses the
microbial cells and protects from various external factors. The components of
biofilms are very vital as they contribute towards the structural and functional
9 Utilization of Microbial Biofilm for the Biotransformation and Bioremediation. . .
235
with planktonic microbes. The soil samples were subjected to a temperature of 50
C
and varied pH levels to ascertain if they will influence the rate of biofilm degradation, the results showed no significant impact. The findings from this study indicated
that the major resistant strains of microbial biofilms families were
Sphingomonadaceae and the Xanthomonadaceae. The authors in conclusion stated
that being the first study, the utilization of pretreated plasma wood wastes are the
best candidate for the bioremediation of contaminated soil especially diesel
polluted soil.
Piacenza et al. (2017) did a review of the bioremediation of tellurium (Te) and
selenium (Se), chalcogen metals using consortium microbial biofilms. They
recounted that the chalcogens are cosmopolitan natural toxic earth metals which
can be made available in the ecosystem via human activities. The upsurge of these
chalcogens in the environment may contaminate sediments, soils and water, thereby
hindering the life therein. However, those organisms that will survive will
bioaccumulate it and transfer it along the food chain. In other cases, they might
bioconvert or biomethylate these residue toxicants in them, which is a strategy for
sustainability, bringing about an eco-friendly and safer ecosystem. Of recent, many
technological breakthroughs have been made with the utilization of chalcogenoxyanions combined to give rise to valuable nanomaterials that are currently useful
in the fields of bio-engineering, optoelectronics and biomedicine.
It has been highlighted that microplastic (MP; <5 mm) is responsible for the high
contamination of aquatic environment. Their presence in the aquatic environment
has been highlighted as a sources of adverse influence against some biota. Research
on microlitre influences is frequently built on spherical and virgin polymer particles
as model MP. It has been discovered that benthic and pelagic environment surfaces
are usually dominated by microorganisms that developed into biofilms. The role of
such biofilm on the microplastic and their fate in the environment. In view of the
aforementioned, Rummel et al. (2017) wrote a comprehensive review on the physical relationship of early establishment on plastic surfaces and their reciprocal effect
on the weathering processes as vertical movement as well as sorption and their
eventual liberation by microplastic. Moreover, probable ecological influence of
biofilm development on microplastic such as potential detrimental influence of
microplastic, trophic transfer of microplastic are practically unknown. It has been
documented that there is an interesting fact that biofilm–plastic relationship has the
potential to stimulate the impact and fate of microplastic through alternation of the
physical features of the particles. Therefore, it has become a necessity to have a
better knowledge on the relationship and enhance the ecological importance of
current laboratory evaluation by triggering field conditions in which microbial life
constitutes a major driver involved in the driving of biogeochemical processes.
Biofilms are defined as the self-produced extra-polymeric matrices that comprise
sessile microbial community where the cells are characterized by their attachment to
either biotic or abiotic surfaces. These extracellular slime-natured cover encloses the
microbial cells and protects from various external factors. The components of
biofilms are very vital as they contribute towards the structural and functional
9 Utilization of Microbial Biofilm for the Biotransformation and Bioremediation. . .
235