selected birth defects in offspring of participants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Environ Health Perspect 21:1083–1089. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206249
Brown MR, Jeffrey SW (1992) Biochemical composition of microalgae from the green algae
classes Chlorophyceae and Prasinophyceae. 1. Amino acids, sugars and pigments. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 161:91–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90193-e
Cervero-Aragó S, Rodríguez-Martínez S, Puertas-Bennasar A, Araujo RM (2015) Effect of common drinking water disinfectants, chlorine and heat, on free Legionella and amoebae-associated
Legionella. PLoS One 10:e0134726. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134726
Chaiwong K, Kiatsiriroat T, Vorayos N, Thararax C (2013) Study of bio-oil and bio-char production from algae by slow pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy 56:600–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biombioe.2013.05.035
Chalima A, Oliver L, Fernández de Castro L, Karnaouri A, Dietrich T, Topakas E (2017) Utilization
of volatile fatty acids from microalgae for the production of high added value compounds.
Fermentation 3:54. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation3040054
Chalima A, Hatzidaki A, Karnaouri A, Topakas E (2019) Integration of a dark fermentation effluent
in a microalgal-based biorefinery for the production of high-added value omega-3 fatty acids.
Appl Energy 241:130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.058
Chatsungnoen T, Chisti Y (2016) Harvesting microalgae by flocculation–sedimentation. Algal Res
13:271–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.12.009
Cheng DL, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Kumar SM (2019) Microalgae biomass
from swine wastewater and its conversion to bioenergy. Bioresour Technol 275:109–122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.019
Chiu SY, Kao CY, Tsai MT, Ong SC, Chen CH, Lin CS (2009) Lipid accumulation and CO 2
utilization of Nannochloropsis oculata in response to CO 2 aeration. Bioresour Technol
100:833–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.061
Christenson L, Sims R (2011) Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment,
biofuels, and bioproducts. Biotechnol Adv 29:686–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.
2011.05.015
Cizmas L, Sharma VK, Gray CM, McDonald TJ (2015) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
in waters: occurrence, toxicity, and risk. Environ Chem Lett 13:381–394. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s10311-015-0524-4
Coppens J, Grunert O, Van Den Hende S, Vanhoutte I, Boon N, Haesaert G, De Gelder L (2016)
The use of microalgae as a high-value organic slow-release fertilizer results in tomatoes with
increased carotenoid and sugar levels. J Appl Phycol 28:2367–2377. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10811-015-0775-2
Crini G, Lichtfouse E (2019) Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater
treatment. Environ Chem Lett 17:145–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0785-9
Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Aguilar-Hernandez I, Cardenas-Chavez DL, Ornelas-Soto N, RomeroOgawa MA, Parra-Saldivar R (2014) Extraction and purification of high-value metabolites
from microalgae: essential lipids, astaxanthin and phycobiliproteins. Microb Biotechnol
8:190–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12167
Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Aguilar-Hernandez I, Cardenas-Chavez DL, Ornelas-Soto N, RomeroOgawa MA, Parra-Saldivar R (2015) Extraction and purification of high-value metabolites
from microalgae: essential lipids, astaxanthin and phycobiliproteins. Microb Biotechnol 8
(2):190–209
Cui Y, Rashid N, Hu N, Rehman MSU, Han JI (2014) Electricity generation and microalgae
cultivation in microbial fuel cell using microalgae-enriched anode and bio-cathode. Energy
Convers Manag 79:674–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.032
Dawczynski C, Schubert R, Jahreis G (2007) Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible
seaweedproducts. Food Chem 103:891–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.041
De Sousa JT, Lima GGC, Lopes WS, Santo EC, de Oliveira Júnior JL (2013) Anaerobic effluent
post-treatment applying photolytic reactor prior to agricultural use in Brazilian’s semiarid
region. J Urban Environ Eng 7:157–163. https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2013.v7n1.157163
4 Phycoremediation: A Sustainable Biorefinery Approach
129
Environ Health Perspect 21:1083–1089. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206249
Brown MR, Jeffrey SW (1992) Biochemical composition of microalgae from the green algae
classes Chlorophyceae and Prasinophyceae. 1. Amino acids, sugars and pigments. J Exp Mar
Biol Ecol 161:91–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90193-e
Cervero-Aragó S, Rodríguez-Martínez S, Puertas-Bennasar A, Araujo RM (2015) Effect of common drinking water disinfectants, chlorine and heat, on free Legionella and amoebae-associated
Legionella. PLoS One 10:e0134726. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134726
Chaiwong K, Kiatsiriroat T, Vorayos N, Thararax C (2013) Study of bio-oil and bio-char production from algae by slow pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy 56:600–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biombioe.2013.05.035
Chalima A, Oliver L, Fernández de Castro L, Karnaouri A, Dietrich T, Topakas E (2017) Utilization
of volatile fatty acids from microalgae for the production of high added value compounds.
Fermentation 3:54. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation3040054
Chalima A, Hatzidaki A, Karnaouri A, Topakas E (2019) Integration of a dark fermentation effluent
in a microalgal-based biorefinery for the production of high-added value omega-3 fatty acids.
Appl Energy 241:130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.058
Chatsungnoen T, Chisti Y (2016) Harvesting microalgae by flocculation–sedimentation. Algal Res
13:271–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.12.009
Cheng DL, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Kumar SM (2019) Microalgae biomass
from swine wastewater and its conversion to bioenergy. Bioresour Technol 275:109–122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.019
Chiu SY, Kao CY, Tsai MT, Ong SC, Chen CH, Lin CS (2009) Lipid accumulation and CO 2
utilization of Nannochloropsis oculata in response to CO 2 aeration. Bioresour Technol
100:833–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.061
Christenson L, Sims R (2011) Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment,
biofuels, and bioproducts. Biotechnol Adv 29:686–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.
2011.05.015
Cizmas L, Sharma VK, Gray CM, McDonald TJ (2015) Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
in waters: occurrence, toxicity, and risk. Environ Chem Lett 13:381–394. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s10311-015-0524-4
Coppens J, Grunert O, Van Den Hende S, Vanhoutte I, Boon N, Haesaert G, De Gelder L (2016)
The use of microalgae as a high-value organic slow-release fertilizer results in tomatoes with
increased carotenoid and sugar levels. J Appl Phycol 28:2367–2377. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10811-015-0775-2
Crini G, Lichtfouse E (2019) Advantages and disadvantages of techniques used for wastewater
treatment. Environ Chem Lett 17:145–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0785-9
Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Aguilar-Hernandez I, Cardenas-Chavez DL, Ornelas-Soto N, RomeroOgawa MA, Parra-Saldivar R (2014) Extraction and purification of high-value metabolites
from microalgae: essential lipids, astaxanthin and phycobiliproteins. Microb Biotechnol
8:190–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.12167
Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Aguilar-Hernandez I, Cardenas-Chavez DL, Ornelas-Soto N, RomeroOgawa MA, Parra-Saldivar R (2015) Extraction and purification of high-value metabolites
from microalgae: essential lipids, astaxanthin and phycobiliproteins. Microb Biotechnol 8
(2):190–209
Cui Y, Rashid N, Hu N, Rehman MSU, Han JI (2014) Electricity generation and microalgae
cultivation in microbial fuel cell using microalgae-enriched anode and bio-cathode. Energy
Convers Manag 79:674–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.032
Dawczynski C, Schubert R, Jahreis G (2007) Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible
seaweedproducts. Food Chem 103:891–899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.041
De Sousa JT, Lima GGC, Lopes WS, Santo EC, de Oliveira Júnior JL (2013) Anaerobic effluent
post-treatment applying photolytic reactor prior to agricultural use in Brazilian’s semiarid
region. J Urban Environ Eng 7:157–163. https://doi.org/10.4090/juee.2013.v7n1.157163
4 Phycoremediation: A Sustainable Biorefinery Approach
129