particularly for each polluted site, depending on the uniqueness of the polluted site
(Boopathy 2000).
3.5.5.3 Human Resource Factor
Comparatively, bioremediation is a novel technology; hence, this field confronts
lack of trained and experienced human resources. The combination of various
faculties like microbiology, engineering, geology, hydrogeology, soil science and
project management together is followed with a multidiscipline approach to carry
out successful bioremediation programme.
3.5.5.4 Economic and Liability Factor
The complex process of bioremediation does not produce any high value-added
products. This creates a low interest in the R&D process in comparison to other
industrial sectors. The bioremediation techniques are being scrutinized by regulatory
agencies more strictly than conventional technologies. Hence, the operating rules
and regulations for bioremediation projects are much tighter, and performance
standards are quite high. Thus, make the projects difficult to run from a practical
point of view (Boopathy 2000).
3.6 Microbial Populations for Bioremediation Processes
Microorganisms are cosmopolitan in nature and are recorded from all possible
environments all around the world. They exist in extreme heat, desert, water and
anaerobic conditions. However, carbon and energy sources remain the essential
requirements. Many microbes can easily adapt to the various harsh and hazardous
conditions. Thus, they can be used to remediate environmental hazards.
3.7 Conclusions
Although techniques used in bioremediation may represent a slow response when
compared to the conventional ones, bioremediation is the technique which would
fully convert the properties of contaminants from the toxic properties to the environment friendly properties. It also enables the environmental habitats and habits to
be reused by the human and others.
This may be costly project, but is worth investing when the pollutants can be
eradicated from the system forever. Also there is a lack of professionals who can lead
96
S. K. Yadav
(Boopathy 2000).
3.5.5.3 Human Resource Factor
Comparatively, bioremediation is a novel technology; hence, this field confronts
lack of trained and experienced human resources. The combination of various
faculties like microbiology, engineering, geology, hydrogeology, soil science and
project management together is followed with a multidiscipline approach to carry
out successful bioremediation programme.
3.5.5.4 Economic and Liability Factor
The complex process of bioremediation does not produce any high value-added
products. This creates a low interest in the R&D process in comparison to other
industrial sectors. The bioremediation techniques are being scrutinized by regulatory
agencies more strictly than conventional technologies. Hence, the operating rules
and regulations for bioremediation projects are much tighter, and performance
standards are quite high. Thus, make the projects difficult to run from a practical
point of view (Boopathy 2000).
3.6 Microbial Populations for Bioremediation Processes
Microorganisms are cosmopolitan in nature and are recorded from all possible
environments all around the world. They exist in extreme heat, desert, water and
anaerobic conditions. However, carbon and energy sources remain the essential
requirements. Many microbes can easily adapt to the various harsh and hazardous
conditions. Thus, they can be used to remediate environmental hazards.
3.7 Conclusions
Although techniques used in bioremediation may represent a slow response when
compared to the conventional ones, bioremediation is the technique which would
fully convert the properties of contaminants from the toxic properties to the environment friendly properties. It also enables the environmental habitats and habits to
be reused by the human and others.
This may be costly project, but is worth investing when the pollutants can be
eradicated from the system forever. Also there is a lack of professionals who can lead
96
S. K. Yadav