3.5.3 Bioactivity and Biochemistry
The processes in which microbiological processes are carried out is called bioactivity. The bioactivity can be improved by implying the conditions that can optimize
biodegradation (Blackburn and Hafker 1993). Depending upon the requirement of
the bioremediation, techniques may be configured to achieve the optimal required
rate and adjustments of conditions. The organisms possess a diverse ability to
transfer contaminants, both simple and complex molecules (Boopathy 2000).
3.5.4 Nontechnical Criteria
Along with various technical hurdles, there are also nontechnical norms that affect
the process of bioremediation to achieve the required target of clean environment,
reduced cost when compared under options, contaminants’ residues if any left
should be acceptable from the risk point of view, socially the technique should be
acceptable, regulatory perception should be favourable, time limitations should be
able to meet, the problem of space limitations should also be encountered (Boopathy
2000).
3.5.5 Nonscientific Factors
There are various nonscientific reasons which can hinder the development of
bioremediation technologies as below.
3.5.5.1 Regulatory Factors
Regulations are the basis of any process; these both impel and constraint the process
of bioremediation. The fact that what must be cleaned, how it must be cleaned and
which methods should be used to clean up are decided on the basis of the regulations
(Caplan 1993). There are additional regulations for the usage of genetically
engineered microorganisms (GEMs). The microbes occurring naturally are considered over GEMs in the present scenario (Boopathy 2000).
3.5.5.2 Research and Technical Factors
Various industrial chemicals like PCBs, pesticides, coal tars, chlorinated solvents
and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are not degraded readily, but funds required
for this research is less. Each bioremediation technique has to be standardized
3 Microbial Indicators of Bioremediation: Potential and Success
95
The processes in which microbiological processes are carried out is called bioactivity. The bioactivity can be improved by implying the conditions that can optimize
biodegradation (Blackburn and Hafker 1993). Depending upon the requirement of
the bioremediation, techniques may be configured to achieve the optimal required
rate and adjustments of conditions. The organisms possess a diverse ability to
transfer contaminants, both simple and complex molecules (Boopathy 2000).
3.5.4 Nontechnical Criteria
Along with various technical hurdles, there are also nontechnical norms that affect
the process of bioremediation to achieve the required target of clean environment,
reduced cost when compared under options, contaminants’ residues if any left
should be acceptable from the risk point of view, socially the technique should be
acceptable, regulatory perception should be favourable, time limitations should be
able to meet, the problem of space limitations should also be encountered (Boopathy
2000).
3.5.5 Nonscientific Factors
There are various nonscientific reasons which can hinder the development of
bioremediation technologies as below.
3.5.5.1 Regulatory Factors
Regulations are the basis of any process; these both impel and constraint the process
of bioremediation. The fact that what must be cleaned, how it must be cleaned and
which methods should be used to clean up are decided on the basis of the regulations
(Caplan 1993). There are additional regulations for the usage of genetically
engineered microorganisms (GEMs). The microbes occurring naturally are considered over GEMs in the present scenario (Boopathy 2000).
3.5.5.2 Research and Technical Factors
Various industrial chemicals like PCBs, pesticides, coal tars, chlorinated solvents
and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are not degraded readily, but funds required
for this research is less. Each bioremediation technique has to be standardized
3 Microbial Indicators of Bioremediation: Potential and Success
95