340 Index
International Labour Organization
(ILO) 123
International Potato Center (CIP) 93
International Society of Ethnobiology 102
International Treaty for Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture
(ITPGRFA) 18, 38n62, 101, 107n24,
141, 146–148, 150–151, 153, 159, 169,
243, 259, 262n24, 279–280, 317
International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) 9, 94–95, 102
International Union for the Protection of
New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 102
Inuit communities 57, 61, 68–73, 75, 79–80,
85n3
Jansen, Lesle 315
Jonas, Harry 17, 272, 318
Kachi Yupi 191–192
Kachi Yupi community protocol 185–188,
192
Kenya: and BCPs 277, 326; and Lamu
County BCP 281; “LAPSSET project”
281; and Ogiek BCP 281; Protection
of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural
Expressions Act 38n64
Khoikhoi: analysis 236–239; apartheid era
224; BCP process 229–233; biocultural
rights journey with Rooibos 221–239;
Colonial era 223–224; contemporary
socio-political challenges 226–229;
historical timeline 223–224; organising
for resource governance 233–236;
overview 221–229; post-apartheid era
224; pre-Colonial era 223
Khoikhoi Peoples Rooibos and
Biodiversity Trust 236
knowledge systems 10; diverse 81; ethical
guidance for sharing knowledge across
81–83; Indigenous 57, 68, 126, 211; local
131, 168
land: community-owned 171; confiscation
5; dispossession 234, 237; Indigenous
peoples’ rights to 210; “land ethic” 283;
management of 14; obligations and
responsibilities towards 285; private 171;
restitution 232; right to 2, 6, 15, 21,
101, 173, 272; traditional ancestral 143;
traditional rights to 10
landless knowledge holders, restitution for
231–233
Land Restitution Act 22 of
1994 228
Latin America 24, 90, 114, 123; and BCPs
277; “Group Analysis Method” 263n32;
social demands in 123
Latour, Bruno 8, 90, 97, 106n3, 113, 130,
134n2
La Via Campesina 169
Law’s Indigenous Ethics (Borrows) 84
legal contexts 208–210
legal framework behind biocultural rights
165–176
legal pluralism 185–200
legal subjectivity: and biocultural
jurisprudence 325–327; and sovereignty
325–327
legal tools, BCPs as 17–19
Leroy Little Bear, 56
liberal internationalism 144, 148–151, 155
liberalism: limits 148–151; multiculturalism,
multiple critiques of 148–151;
multilateralism, multiple critiques of
148–151
linguistic diversity 58
LINKS program 35n40, 126
lithium mining: action on 188–190
Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems
(UNESCO) see LINKS program
Local Biodiversity Outlook 2 (Forest
peoples program) 128
local communities: collective action
195–200; defined 167; and their rights
167–171
local contexts 155–156
“local custodians of natural resources”
261n7
Madagascar: and BCPs 277, 326; and
biocultural community protocols
241–260; boundary work in 241–260;
glance at the BCP’s content 255–260;
hidden script, emergence of 250–252;
infrapolitics 252–255
Maffi, Luisa 11, 97
Maigua, Maria Yolanda Teran 153
Mandela, Nelson 227
Masters and Servants Act of
1856 225
meaningful consenting 83, 316
Metis community 57, 68–73, 75, 85n2,
85n3
Mexican Committee on the Environment,
Sustainability, Climate Change and
Natural Resources (Comisión de Medio
Ambiente, Sustentabilidad, Cambio
Climático y Recursos Naturales) 22
Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge (MEK) 78
International Labour Organization
(ILO) 123
International Potato Center (CIP) 93
International Society of Ethnobiology 102
International Treaty for Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture
(ITPGRFA) 18, 38n62, 101, 107n24,
141, 146–148, 150–151, 153, 159, 169,
243, 259, 262n24, 279–280, 317
International Union for Conservation of
Nature (IUCN) 9, 94–95, 102
International Union for the Protection of
New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 102
Inuit communities 57, 61, 68–73, 75, 79–80,
85n3
Jansen, Lesle 315
Jonas, Harry 17, 272, 318
Kachi Yupi 191–192
Kachi Yupi community protocol 185–188,
192
Kenya: and BCPs 277, 326; and Lamu
County BCP 281; “LAPSSET project”
281; and Ogiek BCP 281; Protection
of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural
Expressions Act 38n64
Khoikhoi: analysis 236–239; apartheid era
224; BCP process 229–233; biocultural
rights journey with Rooibos 221–239;
Colonial era 223–224; contemporary
socio-political challenges 226–229;
historical timeline 223–224; organising
for resource governance 233–236;
overview 221–229; post-apartheid era
224; pre-Colonial era 223
Khoikhoi Peoples Rooibos and
Biodiversity Trust 236
knowledge systems 10; diverse 81; ethical
guidance for sharing knowledge across
81–83; Indigenous 57, 68, 126, 211; local
131, 168
land: community-owned 171; confiscation
5; dispossession 234, 237; Indigenous
peoples’ rights to 210; “land ethic” 283;
management of 14; obligations and
responsibilities towards 285; private 171;
restitution 232; right to 2, 6, 15, 21,
101, 173, 272; traditional ancestral 143;
traditional rights to 10
landless knowledge holders, restitution for
231–233
Land Restitution Act 22 of
1994 228
Latin America 24, 90, 114, 123; and BCPs
277; “Group Analysis Method” 263n32;
social demands in 123
Latour, Bruno 8, 90, 97, 106n3, 113, 130,
134n2
La Via Campesina 169
Law’s Indigenous Ethics (Borrows) 84
legal contexts 208–210
legal framework behind biocultural rights
165–176
legal pluralism 185–200
legal subjectivity: and biocultural
jurisprudence 325–327; and sovereignty
325–327
legal tools, BCPs as 17–19
Leroy Little Bear, 56
liberal internationalism 144, 148–151, 155
liberalism: limits 148–151; multiculturalism,
multiple critiques of 148–151;
multilateralism, multiple critiques of
148–151
linguistic diversity 58
LINKS program 35n40, 126
lithium mining: action on 188–190
Local and Indigenous Knowledge Systems
(UNESCO) see LINKS program
Local Biodiversity Outlook 2 (Forest
peoples program) 128
local communities: collective action
195–200; defined 167; and their rights
167–171
local contexts 155–156
“local custodians of natural resources”
261n7
Madagascar: and BCPs 277, 326; and
biocultural community protocols
241–260; boundary work in 241–260;
glance at the BCP’s content 255–260;
hidden script, emergence of 250–252;
infrapolitics 252–255
Maffi, Luisa 11, 97
Maigua, Maria Yolanda Teran 153
Mandela, Nelson 227
Masters and Servants Act of
1856 225
meaningful consenting 83, 316
Metis community 57, 68–73, 75, 85n2,
85n3
Mexican Committee on the Environment,
Sustainability, Climate Change and
Natural Resources (Comisión de Medio
Ambiente, Sustentabilidad, Cambio
Climático y Recursos Naturales) 22
Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge (MEK) 78