Unmaking the Nature/Culture Divide 135
5 See https://www.cbd.int/conferences/sbstta23-8j11/sbstta-23/documents.
6 See WG8j, SBSTTA, https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/c013/d7a5/f9b18a002b273903332
ffdcf/wg8j-11-05-en.pdf.
7 For an explanation of the workings of the CBD more generally, see Le Prestre (2017).
8 I use the term negotiation in a broad sense in this chapter. I consider that the preparation of the texts that will be presented to the COP are part of a long and complex process of negotiation. During WG8j and SBSTTA, there are some formal negotiations
around the texts themselves, which will be approved only during COPs. I consider
that, although the texts produced by the WG8j or the SBSTTA are non-binding
instruments, they are part of the elaboration of new norms. This choice allows us to
grasp the kind of diplomacy IPLCs practice at the CBD.
9 Müller and Cloiseau (2015) give an account of the debates that took place over a single paragraph at the negotiations surrounding the Rio+20 Declaration.
10 On the SBSTTA, see Le Prestre (2017, pp. 103–108) and Maljean-Dubois (2021,
pp. 113–114).
11 https://www.cbd.int/sbstta/.
12 https://iif b-indigenous.org/.
13 https://www.cbd.int/convention/wg8j.shtml, to see the program: COP CBD, Decision V/16, UNEP/CBD/COP/5/23 (22 June 2000): https://www.cbd.int/decision/
cop/?id=7158 or COP CBD, Decision IV/9, UNEP/CBD/COP/4/27 (15 June 1998):
https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=7132.
14 See WG8J, CBD/WG8J/11/7 (22 November 2019): https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/
bd0a/077c/9af6c8783485bec92396af97/wg8j-11-07-en.pdf (section 15, p. 21).
15 COP CBD, Decision VII/16.F, UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21 (13 April 2004).
16 COP CBD, UNEP/CBD/COP/10/INF/3 (2 September 2010).
17 North American dialogue on biological and cultural diversity, 5–8 May 2019,
Montreal, Canada; Center for Indigenous Conservation and Development (Joint program “Linking Biological and Cultural Diversity” between UNESCO and the SCBD).
18 As mentioned, by way of a reminder, the mandate of the WG8j was extended to 2020;
currently at stake is the creation of a multi-year program of work on Article 8( j) in
line with decision X/43 COP CBD, Decision X/43, UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27 (29
October 2010).
19 COP CBD, Decision X/2, UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27 (29 October 2010); also see
COP CBD, Decision 14/17, CBD/COP/14/14 (20 March 2019), para. 13.
20 A relatively similar meeting was organized in 2017 in the context of the IPBES Global
Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (2019) just before the meetings of
the WG8j and SBSTTA.
21 See WG8J, Options for possible elements of work aimed at an integration of nature
and culture in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, CBD/WG8J/11/L.4 (22
November 2019).
22 WG8J, CBD/WG8J/11/L.1 (22 November 2019), p. 9.
23 A large literature exists on the topic. In one of his texts, Escobar (2010) gives a
detailed comparison of the various Andean countries.
24 These constitutions were debated in constituent assemblies (asambleas constituyentes)
made up of all sectors of the population (Landivar & Ramillien, 2015).
25 On this issue, see Chapter 3 of this book.
26 This publication from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
provides daily and final reports on the negotiations, which are largely distributed to
meeting participants but also on line to a broader audience.
27 WG8j, Recommendation 11/3, CBD/WG8J/11/7 (22 November 2019).
28 https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/245c/aee3/33cabf b2c1daa9c539b3c5ed/post2020-ws2019-12-02-en.pdf.
29 This is clear in interactions with the representatives of indigenous peoples who are
not from Latin America, or with the representatives of local communities.
5 See https://www.cbd.int/conferences/sbstta23-8j11/sbstta-23/documents.
6 See WG8j, SBSTTA, https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/c013/d7a5/f9b18a002b273903332
ffdcf/wg8j-11-05-en.pdf.
7 For an explanation of the workings of the CBD more generally, see Le Prestre (2017).
8 I use the term negotiation in a broad sense in this chapter. I consider that the preparation of the texts that will be presented to the COP are part of a long and complex process of negotiation. During WG8j and SBSTTA, there are some formal negotiations
around the texts themselves, which will be approved only during COPs. I consider
that, although the texts produced by the WG8j or the SBSTTA are non-binding
instruments, they are part of the elaboration of new norms. This choice allows us to
grasp the kind of diplomacy IPLCs practice at the CBD.
9 Müller and Cloiseau (2015) give an account of the debates that took place over a single paragraph at the negotiations surrounding the Rio+20 Declaration.
10 On the SBSTTA, see Le Prestre (2017, pp. 103–108) and Maljean-Dubois (2021,
pp. 113–114).
11 https://www.cbd.int/sbstta/.
12 https://iif b-indigenous.org/.
13 https://www.cbd.int/convention/wg8j.shtml, to see the program: COP CBD, Decision V/16, UNEP/CBD/COP/5/23 (22 June 2000): https://www.cbd.int/decision/
cop/?id=7158 or COP CBD, Decision IV/9, UNEP/CBD/COP/4/27 (15 June 1998):
https://www.cbd.int/decision/cop/?id=7132.
14 See WG8J, CBD/WG8J/11/7 (22 November 2019): https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/
bd0a/077c/9af6c8783485bec92396af97/wg8j-11-07-en.pdf (section 15, p. 21).
15 COP CBD, Decision VII/16.F, UNEP/CBD/COP/7/21 (13 April 2004).
16 COP CBD, UNEP/CBD/COP/10/INF/3 (2 September 2010).
17 North American dialogue on biological and cultural diversity, 5–8 May 2019,
Montreal, Canada; Center for Indigenous Conservation and Development (Joint program “Linking Biological and Cultural Diversity” between UNESCO and the SCBD).
18 As mentioned, by way of a reminder, the mandate of the WG8j was extended to 2020;
currently at stake is the creation of a multi-year program of work on Article 8( j) in
line with decision X/43 COP CBD, Decision X/43, UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27 (29
October 2010).
19 COP CBD, Decision X/2, UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27 (29 October 2010); also see
COP CBD, Decision 14/17, CBD/COP/14/14 (20 March 2019), para. 13.
20 A relatively similar meeting was organized in 2017 in the context of the IPBES Global
Assessment on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (2019) just before the meetings of
the WG8j and SBSTTA.
21 See WG8J, Options for possible elements of work aimed at an integration of nature
and culture in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, CBD/WG8J/11/L.4 (22
November 2019).
22 WG8J, CBD/WG8J/11/L.1 (22 November 2019), p. 9.
23 A large literature exists on the topic. In one of his texts, Escobar (2010) gives a
detailed comparison of the various Andean countries.
24 These constitutions were debated in constituent assemblies (asambleas constituyentes)
made up of all sectors of the population (Landivar & Ramillien, 2015).
25 On this issue, see Chapter 3 of this book.
26 This publication from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
provides daily and final reports on the negotiations, which are largely distributed to
meeting participants but also on line to a broader audience.
27 WG8j, Recommendation 11/3, CBD/WG8J/11/7 (22 November 2019).
28 https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/245c/aee3/33cabf b2c1daa9c539b3c5ed/post2020-ws2019-12-02-en.pdf.
29 This is clear in interactions with the representatives of indigenous peoples who are
not from Latin America, or with the representatives of local communities.