Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Improving Air Quality
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sustainability (see Chapters 15 and 16). Nevertheless, it is crucial that we
take on these challenges  – and take them on now  – because improved
air quality is one of the most significant benefits of reducing combustion
processes in large urban cities.
Any list of goals and interactions across these areas is necessarily going to
be incomplete, but we can start with an initial summary. The transition to
sustainable energy without carbon emissions and towards electric transportation has the following major challenges:
1. Developing a stable electrical grid powered by renewable energy that
does not have carbon emissions.
2. Further developing electric vehicles so that most transportation is
powered by electricity and other energy sources that do not produce
greenhouse gases.
3. Developing an electric vehicle charging network such that there are
charging stations in most places where they are needed, including
along highways, in shopping malls, places of work, hotels and motels,
restaurants, parking garages, airports, and libraries.
4. Modernization of the electrical grid with better communication to
enable real- time prices or time- of- use prices to be used for the purchasing of electricity.
5. Integration of electric vehicle batteries into the electrical grid such that
the charging of electric vehicle batteries is an integral part of managing
the electrical grid.
6. Modernization of the electrical grid with agreements that allow the
charging of electric vehicles to be managed by the grid manager.
7. Including the value of better health and improved air quality in the
analysis of the costs and benefits of sustainable development projects
that improve air quality and advance renewable energy and electric
vehicles.
The efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality are
closely related to many of the Sustainable Development Goals and the global
challenge to improve the quality of life for all people.
1.7 Sustainable Development Goals
A set of Sustainable Development Goals was adopted in September 2015 at
the United Nations in New York by the heads of state and government and
high representatives. These new goals replaced the Millennium Development
Goals, which have quietly been immensely successful. The Millennium
Development Goals lifted more than 1 billion people out of extreme poverty
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