312
Index
Freundlich model, 225
Full-scale reactive iron barrier
assessment, 268
implementation, 269
pilot-scale evaluation, 268
“pump and treat” system, 270
Funnel-and-gate PRBs, 50–51
Funnel-and-gate system (F&G system),
14, 15, 156, 278
G
GAC, see Granular-activated carbon
(GAC)
Gas-water-dynamics, 181; see also
Reactive gas barriers and zones
(RGBZ)
example test facilities, 182–184
gas-water displacement, 184–185
gas dissolution and degassing,
187–189
gas flow transport, 181–182
gas injection, 184–185
gas propagation and storage, 185–187
NDI and HDI gas injection, 187
Gas-water displacement, 184–185
Gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC–MS), 219,
220
Gas dissolution, 187
and degassing, 188
mass transfer, 187–188
state-of-the-art modeling techniques,
188
Gas injection, 184–185, 189
Gas injection devices, 191
gas distribution, 193
gas lances, 191–193
gas mixing, 193
gas supply, 193
safety precautions, 194–195
Gas lances, 191
drilling injection lances, 192
high-quality direct push lances, 193
sounding injection lances, 192
Gas mixing, 193
Gas monitoring, 196–197; see also
Dissolved gas monitoring
Gas propagation, 185–187
Gas saturation testing, 197–198
Gas supply, 193
GC–MS, see Gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC–MS)
Geochemical computer modeling
codes, 45
Geochemical parameters, 110
Geochemistry, 43
of GW, 45
properties, 18
GFIadags
® -technology, 210
autotrophic biodegradation, 211
heterotrophic biodegradation, 211
oxygen gas PRB, 210
posttreatment effect, 212
reactive gas zones, 210
Granular-activated carbon (GAC),
31, 278
Groundwater (GW), 42
acidity, 141, 147
flow, 206
sampling and analysis, 263–264
Groundwater contamination, 2
diffusion and mass flow, 5
DNAPL interactions, 6
dynamics of fluids in fractured
rock, 6
fate and transport, 4–6
global estimate of contaminated
sites, 3
Groundwater environment, 181
example test facilities, 182–184
gas-water-dynamics in, 181
gas-water displacement, 184–185
gas dissolution and degassing,
187–189
gas flow transport, 181–182
gas injection, 184–185
gas propagation and storage, 185–187
NDI and HDI gas injection, 187
Groundwater modeling involving PRBs,
63, 64
design of PRBs, 65–70
mathematical models, 71
model calibration, 75–76
model construction, 72–73
model parameters, 75
numerical models, 70
outcomes, 77–79
Index
Freundlich model, 225
Full-scale reactive iron barrier
assessment, 268
implementation, 269
pilot-scale evaluation, 268
“pump and treat” system, 270
Funnel-and-gate PRBs, 50–51
Funnel-and-gate system (F&G system),
14, 15, 156, 278
G
GAC, see Granular-activated carbon
(GAC)
Gas-water-dynamics, 181; see also
Reactive gas barriers and zones
(RGBZ)
example test facilities, 182–184
gas-water displacement, 184–185
gas dissolution and degassing,
187–189
gas flow transport, 181–182
gas injection, 184–185
gas propagation and storage, 185–187
NDI and HDI gas injection, 187
Gas-water displacement, 184–185
Gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC–MS), 219,
220
Gas dissolution, 187
and degassing, 188
mass transfer, 187–188
state-of-the-art modeling techniques,
188
Gas injection, 184–185, 189
Gas injection devices, 191
gas distribution, 193
gas lances, 191–193
gas mixing, 193
gas supply, 193
safety precautions, 194–195
Gas lances, 191
drilling injection lances, 192
high-quality direct push lances, 193
sounding injection lances, 192
Gas mixing, 193
Gas monitoring, 196–197; see also
Dissolved gas monitoring
Gas propagation, 185–187
Gas saturation testing, 197–198
Gas supply, 193
GC–MS, see Gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC–MS)
Geochemical computer modeling
codes, 45
Geochemical parameters, 110
Geochemistry, 43
of GW, 45
properties, 18
GFIadags
® -technology, 210
autotrophic biodegradation, 211
heterotrophic biodegradation, 211
oxygen gas PRB, 210
posttreatment effect, 212
reactive gas zones, 210
Granular-activated carbon (GAC),
31, 278
Groundwater (GW), 42
acidity, 141, 147
flow, 206
sampling and analysis, 263–264
Groundwater contamination, 2
diffusion and mass flow, 5
DNAPL interactions, 6
dynamics of fluids in fractured
rock, 6
fate and transport, 4–6
global estimate of contaminated
sites, 3
Groundwater environment, 181
example test facilities, 182–184
gas-water-dynamics in, 181
gas-water displacement, 184–185
gas dissolution and degassing,
187–189
gas flow transport, 181–182
gas injection, 184–185
gas propagation and storage, 185–187
NDI and HDI gas injection, 187
Groundwater modeling involving PRBs,
63, 64
design of PRBs, 65–70
mathematical models, 71
model calibration, 75–76
model construction, 72–73
model parameters, 75
numerical models, 70
outcomes, 77–79