Index
ABP industry 128–129, 132, 134,
136–137, 139–142
affiliation 24, 200, 203, 207, 211, 228
agriculture 52–53, 157–158, 169–173,
199–203, 214–215, 242–244
Alchowhey 168
AMADEUS 219
animal by-product 11, 56, 127, 129,
137–138, 295; see also ABP industry
aquaculture 52, 81–82, 145–150,
155–159, 217–222, 243–244
Arla Foods A/S 59, 163–164, 169–172,
175–181, 182–183
ASKO 97, 99–100
attributional life cycle assessment
277–278, 280, 286
Avfall Norge 97, 104
bibliometric analysis 20–21, 26–27
biochar 74, 83
bio-ecology 27, 31–33, 123, 234,
238–243, 244–249
bioeconomy: circularity 1–5, 7–9, 108,
120, 283–285, 293–294; strategy 3,
13, 191, 239, 243, 245–249; visions
26–31, 32–34, 233–238, 239–244,
245–250, 300
bioenergy 27, 33, 73, 75, 83–85,
243–245
biofuel 4, 83–86, 91, 233, 245–247, 274;
biodiesel 56, 76, 83, 131, 134, 234;
bioethanol 74, 76–77, 83, 85–86, 277,
283
biogas 115–119, 123, 152–154, 171, 257,
278; plant 59, 81–82, 87, 91, 95–100,
286; production 3, 74–76, 101–103,
157, 165, 167; technology suppliers
245
Biokraft AS 81–82
biological treatment 3–4, 12, 76, 96–97,
100–101, 228
Bionær programme 190, 193, 195–200,
201, 205–206, 217–218
biorefinery 3–4, 77, 85–87, 140,
278–279, 293
bio-resources 4–5, 28, 30–35, 234,
238–241, 249
Biosmart 214, 218, 220–221
biotechnology 19, 27–33, 156, 191,
237
Borregaard 4, 79, 80, 83, 85–89
bovine intestines 140, 142
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
(BSE) 137, 138, 140–142
brewing 113–118, 121, 123, 125–126,
217, 220, 222, 224, 297
business model 5–6, 9, 52, 63, 78, 91,
109, 124, 154, 158–159, 162, 248,
281, 294
Buskerud 79, 80, 82, 222
Bymiljøetaten, Oslo Municipality 97
capabilities 10, 12, 53, 60, 65–66, 78, 91,
92, 105, 157, 163, 183, 190, 205–206,
299
carbon footprint 122, 263
cascading: cascading use of biomass 4, 5,
30, 66, 283; cascading-in-time 54;
cascading-in-value 54, 56
circular economy see bioeconomy
circularity
civil society 6, 51, 62, 66, 253, 261–263,
265–268
competitive advantage 65, 66, 108, 124,
164, 183
Confederation of Danish Industry 134
consequential life cycle assessment
277–278, 280, 286
ABP industry 128–129, 132, 134,
136–137, 139–142
affiliation 24, 200, 203, 207, 211, 228
agriculture 52–53, 157–158, 169–173,
199–203, 214–215, 242–244
Alchowhey 168
AMADEUS 219
animal by-product 11, 56, 127, 129,
137–138, 295; see also ABP industry
aquaculture 52, 81–82, 145–150,
155–159, 217–222, 243–244
Arla Foods A/S 59, 163–164, 169–172,
175–181, 182–183
ASKO 97, 99–100
attributional life cycle assessment
277–278, 280, 286
Avfall Norge 97, 104
bibliometric analysis 20–21, 26–27
biochar 74, 83
bio-ecology 27, 31–33, 123, 234,
238–243, 244–249
bioeconomy: circularity 1–5, 7–9, 108,
120, 283–285, 293–294; strategy 3,
13, 191, 239, 243, 245–249; visions
26–31, 32–34, 233–238, 239–244,
245–250, 300
bioenergy 27, 33, 73, 75, 83–85,
243–245
biofuel 4, 83–86, 91, 233, 245–247, 274;
biodiesel 56, 76, 83, 131, 134, 234;
bioethanol 74, 76–77, 83, 85–86, 277,
283
biogas 115–119, 123, 152–154, 171, 257,
278; plant 59, 81–82, 87, 91, 95–100,
286; production 3, 74–76, 101–103,
157, 165, 167; technology suppliers
245
Biokraft AS 81–82
biological treatment 3–4, 12, 76, 96–97,
100–101, 228
Bionær programme 190, 193, 195–200,
201, 205–206, 217–218
biorefinery 3–4, 77, 85–87, 140,
278–279, 293
bio-resources 4–5, 28, 30–35, 234,
238–241, 249
Biosmart 214, 218, 220–221
biotechnology 19, 27–33, 156, 191,
237
Borregaard 4, 79, 80, 83, 85–89
bovine intestines 140, 142
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
(BSE) 137, 138, 140–142
brewing 113–118, 121, 123, 125–126,
217, 220, 222, 224, 297
business model 5–6, 9, 52, 63, 78, 91,
109, 124, 154, 158–159, 162, 248,
281, 294
Buskerud 79, 80, 82, 222
Bymiljøetaten, Oslo Municipality 97
capabilities 10, 12, 53, 60, 65–66, 78, 91,
92, 105, 157, 163, 183, 190, 205–206,
299
carbon footprint 122, 263
cascading: cascading use of biomass 4, 5,
30, 66, 283; cascading-in-time 54;
cascading-in-value 54, 56
circular economy see bioeconomy
circularity
civil society 6, 51, 62, 66, 253, 261–263,
265–268
competitive advantage 65, 66, 108, 124,
164, 183
Confederation of Danish Industry 134
consequential life cycle assessment
277–278, 280, 286