136 A. N. Tanner and N. Strøm-Andersen
Because of the geographical characteristics of the country, slaughterhouses
in Norway are small and scattered, which makes it difficult to collect and
handle ABPs. Valorisation of ABPs involves the entire process of developing
new business areas in markets and technologies, in which meat and ABPs
companies have somewhat limited knowledge and experience. For example,
to enter the international ingredient markets for human consumption (proteins and fats), Norwegian meat companies encounter a series of challenges
related to, for instance, market entrance, distribution channels and brand reputation. The industry is aware of many new, potential technologies that can
be used to process ABPs. However, it takes time to learn, acquire and select
the right ones given the inherently diverse characteristics of ABPs. In addition, developing innovation is costly. Lack of risk capital funding is another
issue that challenges the industry in commercialising research results. Despite
these drawbacks, the ABP industry in Norway is strategically seeking higher
value markets.
Summing up, the key difference between Denmark and Norway can be
characterised by the word size. With almost the same population size yet
Norway’s land area being seven times that of Denmark, the population
density is much higher in Denmark (131/km
2
) than in Norway (15.5/km
2
).
To cover the vast area of farmland slaughterhouses in Norway are smaller and
scattered across the country, whereas in Denmark slaughterhouses are fewer
in number and much larger. Taking Denmark’s smaller size in area into the
equation, ABPs are more easily collected and transported in Denmark.
It is not only differences in the two countries’ geography that influence
the input and hence the possibilities for value creation, but also the industrial
size and structure. Primarily, Denmark’s pig production is one of the largest
in Europe and the two slaughterhouses Danish Crown and Tican (Tönnies)
are among the largest in Europe. Company size in terms of finances, geographical markets and volumes of meat and ABPs are important for the value
creation strategy, in particular in terms of possibilities to finance new initiatives and to access the right volumes and type of ABP input. Hence, the
larger volumes and easier transportation of ABP in Denmark place the
Danish industry in a better position to create and utilise new market
opportunities.
7.5 Regulation of the meat processing and ABP
industry
To understand valorisation of ABP, it is important to acknowledge that it is a
heavily regulated field. Interviewed actors in the industry unambiguously
mention regulations as the key influential factor shaping the industry. EU
laws and directives regulate both inputs to the industry in terms of types and
volumes of ABP and the demand and market opportunities primarily through
export bans and import barriers, as well as through regulations on nutritional
and health claims on novel food products (see Figure 7.3). Indirectly, these
Because of the geographical characteristics of the country, slaughterhouses
in Norway are small and scattered, which makes it difficult to collect and
handle ABPs. Valorisation of ABPs involves the entire process of developing
new business areas in markets and technologies, in which meat and ABPs
companies have somewhat limited knowledge and experience. For example,
to enter the international ingredient markets for human consumption (proteins and fats), Norwegian meat companies encounter a series of challenges
related to, for instance, market entrance, distribution channels and brand reputation. The industry is aware of many new, potential technologies that can
be used to process ABPs. However, it takes time to learn, acquire and select
the right ones given the inherently diverse characteristics of ABPs. In addition, developing innovation is costly. Lack of risk capital funding is another
issue that challenges the industry in commercialising research results. Despite
these drawbacks, the ABP industry in Norway is strategically seeking higher
value markets.
Summing up, the key difference between Denmark and Norway can be
characterised by the word size. With almost the same population size yet
Norway’s land area being seven times that of Denmark, the population
density is much higher in Denmark (131/km
2
) than in Norway (15.5/km
2
).
To cover the vast area of farmland slaughterhouses in Norway are smaller and
scattered across the country, whereas in Denmark slaughterhouses are fewer
in number and much larger. Taking Denmark’s smaller size in area into the
equation, ABPs are more easily collected and transported in Denmark.
It is not only differences in the two countries’ geography that influence
the input and hence the possibilities for value creation, but also the industrial
size and structure. Primarily, Denmark’s pig production is one of the largest
in Europe and the two slaughterhouses Danish Crown and Tican (Tönnies)
are among the largest in Europe. Company size in terms of finances, geographical markets and volumes of meat and ABPs are important for the value
creation strategy, in particular in terms of possibilities to finance new initiatives and to access the right volumes and type of ABP input. Hence, the
larger volumes and easier transportation of ABP in Denmark place the
Danish industry in a better position to create and utilise new market
opportunities.
7.5 Regulation of the meat processing and ABP
industry
To understand valorisation of ABP, it is important to acknowledge that it is a
heavily regulated field. Interviewed actors in the industry unambiguously
mention regulations as the key influential factor shaping the industry. EU
laws and directives regulate both inputs to the industry in terms of types and
volumes of ABP and the demand and market opportunities primarily through
export bans and import barriers, as well as through regulations on nutritional
and health claims on novel food products (see Figure 7.3). Indirectly, these