Urban governance 97
products of biological treatment, such as biogas as a fuel and biosolids as fertiliser (Murray, 2002). The same is true for further movement up the waste
pyramid to reuse and prevention. They require a ‘fundamental re- think of the
current practices and systems in place’ (Papargyropoulou, Lozano, Steinberger, Wright & Ujang, 2014, p. 114).
Although it is possible to place different types of waste treatment at
different levels of the waste pyramid, it is common for a regional waste treatment system to consist of more than one type of waste treatment. Today, the
most common systems for processing organic waste are recovery and
recycling- based, in the form of incineration and biological treatment systems.
In this sense, problem solving and problem setting are activities that often
overlap and co- exist.
5.3 Research methods and data
Our data collection is based on interviews, participation in policy and industry seminars and document analysis. We have conducted six explorative and
semi- structured interviews with key stakeholders and representatives of the
relevant waste management agencies and involved firms. We interviewed
representatives from the following organisations and their departments (the
names of the interviewees are anonymised): Avfall Norge, Østfold Research,
Oslo municipality Department of Environment and Transport, Oslo municipality Waste- to-Energy Agency, Oslo municipality Agency for Waste Management and NorgesGruppen/ASKO. Most of the interviews were conducted
face to face and lasted around one hour. The interviews were recorded and
transcribed. We also organised two workshops on the subject, one with
researchers in the field (November 2016) and the second with invited experts
from the industry, public administration, NGOs and research (November
2017). In addition to the interviews and workshops, document analyses of
reports and municipal strategies and media analysis have also constituted part
of the data collection for the case study. Finally, field trips and participation
in industry seminars and conferences have helped inform the study. The presentation of the case study is adapted from Bugge, Fevolden and Klitkou
(2018).
5.4 Valorisation of urban organic waste: the case
of Oslo
The governance of waste processing in Oslo is administered by three municipal departments: the Renovation Department (Renovasjonsetaten) is
responsible for organising the collection and transport of municipal household
waste, whereas the Energy Recovery Department (Energigjenvinningsetaten
EGE) is responsible for the recycling of municipal waste (Bugge et al., 2018).
Finally, the Department for Urban Environment (Bymiljøetaten) takes
responsibility for the environment in the city, such as the quality of air, water
products of biological treatment, such as biogas as a fuel and biosolids as fertiliser (Murray, 2002). The same is true for further movement up the waste
pyramid to reuse and prevention. They require a ‘fundamental re- think of the
current practices and systems in place’ (Papargyropoulou, Lozano, Steinberger, Wright & Ujang, 2014, p. 114).
Although it is possible to place different types of waste treatment at
different levels of the waste pyramid, it is common for a regional waste treatment system to consist of more than one type of waste treatment. Today, the
most common systems for processing organic waste are recovery and
recycling- based, in the form of incineration and biological treatment systems.
In this sense, problem solving and problem setting are activities that often
overlap and co- exist.
5.3 Research methods and data
Our data collection is based on interviews, participation in policy and industry seminars and document analysis. We have conducted six explorative and
semi- structured interviews with key stakeholders and representatives of the
relevant waste management agencies and involved firms. We interviewed
representatives from the following organisations and their departments (the
names of the interviewees are anonymised): Avfall Norge, Østfold Research,
Oslo municipality Department of Environment and Transport, Oslo municipality Waste- to-Energy Agency, Oslo municipality Agency for Waste Management and NorgesGruppen/ASKO. Most of the interviews were conducted
face to face and lasted around one hour. The interviews were recorded and
transcribed. We also organised two workshops on the subject, one with
researchers in the field (November 2016) and the second with invited experts
from the industry, public administration, NGOs and research (November
2017). In addition to the interviews and workshops, document analyses of
reports and municipal strategies and media analysis have also constituted part
of the data collection for the case study. Finally, field trips and participation
in industry seminars and conferences have helped inform the study. The presentation of the case study is adapted from Bugge, Fevolden and Klitkou
(2018).
5.4 Valorisation of urban organic waste: the case
of Oslo
The governance of waste processing in Oslo is administered by three municipal departments: the Renovation Department (Renovasjonsetaten) is
responsible for organising the collection and transport of municipal household
waste, whereas the Energy Recovery Department (Energigjenvinningsetaten
EGE) is responsible for the recycling of municipal waste (Bugge et al., 2018).
Finally, the Department for Urban Environment (Bymiljøetaten) takes
responsibility for the environment in the city, such as the quality of air, water