232 Index
Contractancy, 43
Crane-hung, 19, 29, 46, 109–110,
113–116
Creep, 146, 197
Cyclic resistance ratio, 63–71
Cyclic stress ratio, 63–71
Damages, 203, 206
Data acquisition, ix, 113, 149,
173–174, 188, 194,
216–217
Density
critical, 63
initial, 41, 53, 72
relative, 51–61, 73–74, 83–84
Depth
factor, 154
of penetration/treatment, 33, 45,
56, 78, 82, 103, 109, 149
Design load, 103, 130, 151, 162, 172
Diameter
equivalent, 115, 164
stone column, 112, 144, 153,
216–217
Dilatancy, 43–44, 53, 121–123
Dilation, 40
Dissipation, 41, 188
Drainage, 27, 59, 62–63, 73, 120,
135–144, 148, 183–184
Durability index, 143
Dynamic loading, 120, 143
Dynamic replacement method, 190
Earthquake
magnitude, 65, 70, 72, 75, 95
resistance, 136
severity, 141, 184
Eccentric weight, 10, 33–35, 38, 112
Effective stress, 41, 45, 58, 60–64,
134–135
Embodied CO 2 , 210–211
Failure mechanism, 129–130
Field trial, 57–58, 79, 82, 86, 89–90
Filter stability, 136, 185
Fines content, 50, 54, 66–69, 89,
96–100, 105, 187
Fluidization, 40–41
Franki gravel pile method, 190
Frequency
natural, 42
operating/vibrator, 36–37, 42,
83, 204
Friction angle
of column material, 121–127,
131–133, 137, 144–147, 150,
163, 167, 191
of sand, 53–54, 58–59
Friction ratio, 68, 81–82, 93–94,
175, 180
Geopier method, 190
Geotextile, 124, 190, 195
Goughner and Bayuk method, 125,
127–128, 146–147, 157–158
Grading of backfill, 108
Grain
fracturing, 61
shape, 41, 62
size, 3, 16, 19, 41, 50, 54, 62,
72, 80–82, 105, 143–145,
152, 185
Granular blanket, 139, 171
Gravel pump, 116
Grid pattern, 86, 91–92, 116–118,
125–126
Groundwater
aggressive, 7, 26, 38, 109, 196
control, 62
Group behavior/effect, 116, 120–125,
130–134, 146–147, 150,
166–167, 194
Hardness, 54, 62, 109, 150, 201
Heave, 110, 149, 152–153, 177, 190,
195, 197, 216
High strain method, 198
Hybrid column, 192
Impact roller, 91–92
Improvement
depth, 120, 167
factor, 119–120, 125–127, 133,
135, 141, 146–149, 154–159,
167–168, 179, 184
Infinite grid, 31, 116–117, 121, 125,
130, 141, 150–151, 169, 174
Interaction, 31, 38, 105, 121, 124, 130,
150, 158, 166
Isolated/single columns, 20, 125, 129,
131, 150–151, 171–174,
197, 216
Liquefaction, 9, 25, 41
potential, 63–71, 95–100, 136–149,
182–189
Contractancy, 43
Crane-hung, 19, 29, 46, 109–110,
113–116
Creep, 146, 197
Cyclic resistance ratio, 63–71
Cyclic stress ratio, 63–71
Damages, 203, 206
Data acquisition, ix, 113, 149,
173–174, 188, 194,
216–217
Density
critical, 63
initial, 41, 53, 72
relative, 51–61, 73–74, 83–84
Depth
factor, 154
of penetration/treatment, 33, 45,
56, 78, 82, 103, 109, 149
Design load, 103, 130, 151, 162, 172
Diameter
equivalent, 115, 164
stone column, 112, 144, 153,
216–217
Dilatancy, 43–44, 53, 121–123
Dilation, 40
Dissipation, 41, 188
Drainage, 27, 59, 62–63, 73, 120,
135–144, 148, 183–184
Durability index, 143
Dynamic loading, 120, 143
Dynamic replacement method, 190
Earthquake
magnitude, 65, 70, 72, 75, 95
resistance, 136
severity, 141, 184
Eccentric weight, 10, 33–35, 38, 112
Effective stress, 41, 45, 58, 60–64,
134–135
Embodied CO 2 , 210–211
Failure mechanism, 129–130
Field trial, 57–58, 79, 82, 86, 89–90
Filter stability, 136, 185
Fines content, 50, 54, 66–69, 89,
96–100, 105, 187
Fluidization, 40–41
Franki gravel pile method, 190
Frequency
natural, 42
operating/vibrator, 36–37, 42,
83, 204
Friction angle
of column material, 121–127,
131–133, 137, 144–147, 150,
163, 167, 191
of sand, 53–54, 58–59
Friction ratio, 68, 81–82, 93–94,
175, 180
Geopier method, 190
Geotextile, 124, 190, 195
Goughner and Bayuk method, 125,
127–128, 146–147, 157–158
Grading of backfill, 108
Grain
fracturing, 61
shape, 41, 62
size, 3, 16, 19, 41, 50, 54, 62,
72, 80–82, 105, 143–145,
152, 185
Granular blanket, 139, 171
Gravel pump, 116
Grid pattern, 86, 91–92, 116–118,
125–126
Groundwater
aggressive, 7, 26, 38, 109, 196
control, 62
Group behavior/effect, 116, 120–125,
130–134, 146–147, 150,
166–167, 194
Hardness, 54, 62, 109, 150, 201
Heave, 110, 149, 152–153, 177, 190,
195, 197, 216
High strain method, 198
Hybrid column, 192
Impact roller, 91–92
Improvement
depth, 120, 167
factor, 119–120, 125–127, 133,
135, 141, 146–149, 154–159,
167–168, 179, 184
Infinite grid, 31, 116–117, 121, 125,
130, 141, 150–151, 169, 174
Interaction, 31, 38, 105, 121, 124, 130,
150, 158, 166
Isolated/single columns, 20, 125, 129,
131, 150–151, 171–174,
197, 216
Liquefaction, 9, 25, 41
potential, 63–71, 95–100, 136–149,
182–189