Vibro compaction of granular soils 85
may also be an obstacle that cannot be overcome by the vibratory treatment
without the help of preboring. To conclude, it is important to know if particle
cementation exists at a site where vibro compaction is envisaged. Only then
can appropriate measures be designed for its in-situ improvement.
3.6 CASE HISTORIES
3.6.1 Vibro compaction for a land reclamation project
In early 2000, the island state of Singapore embarked on another major
reclamation project, for which it is renowned and by which it seeks to overcome the chronic land scarcity, a major obstacle for the development of the
country. Led by the Jurong Town Corporation, a much needed industrial
space was developed at Tuas, which is located toward the western tip of
Singapore Island.
The vibro compaction method was chosen to safeguard the stability of
the hidden dyke that defines the boundaries of the reclamation area (Figure
3.35). It is composed of a well-graded, gravelly, fine to coarse sand with an
in-situ relative density after dredging of only 35% (Figure 3.36). Specifications
required a minimum cone tip resistance measured by the CPT method of
GPS
−20.0 m existing seabed profile
−25.0 m designed dredge level
+6.0 m
Offshore
Onshore
Figure 3.35 Vibro compaction at hidden dyke. (Courtesy of Keller Group plc, London, UK.)
may also be an obstacle that cannot be overcome by the vibratory treatment
without the help of preboring. To conclude, it is important to know if particle
cementation exists at a site where vibro compaction is envisaged. Only then
can appropriate measures be designed for its in-situ improvement.
3.6 CASE HISTORIES
3.6.1 Vibro compaction for a land reclamation project
In early 2000, the island state of Singapore embarked on another major
reclamation project, for which it is renowned and by which it seeks to overcome the chronic land scarcity, a major obstacle for the development of the
country. Led by the Jurong Town Corporation, a much needed industrial
space was developed at Tuas, which is located toward the western tip of
Singapore Island.
The vibro compaction method was chosen to safeguard the stability of
the hidden dyke that defines the boundaries of the reclamation area (Figure
3.35). It is composed of a well-graded, gravelly, fine to coarse sand with an
in-situ relative density after dredging of only 35% (Figure 3.36). Specifications
required a minimum cone tip resistance measured by the CPT method of
GPS
−20.0 m existing seabed profile
−25.0 m designed dredge level
+6.0 m
Offshore
Onshore
Figure 3.35 Vibro compaction at hidden dyke. (Courtesy of Keller Group plc, London, UK.)