337
above 70%, but differences arose between species and coverage conditions.
Balfourodendron riedelianum stood out in open sky with 96% survival and showed
an 81% survival under pine canopy. Likewise, Enterolobium contortisiliquum
showed the best average growth in DBH (14 cm) and height (7 m) in both situations,
although the crowns were opened resulting in a poor forestry shape. Comparatively,
Cordia trichotoma and B. riedelianum presented monopodial growth and straight
stem, resulting in promising species for the logging industry. Another study (Barth
et al. 2008) evaluated some trials and plantations trying to identify native species
that could adapt to plantation systems under three different conditions: open sky,
under a protective cover into “capueras” (degraded forest) and in agroforestry systems (with cattle rearing and without it). The purpose was to search alternatives to
recover degraded forestry ecosystems. The evaluated species were E. contortisiliquum, Cedrela fissilis, Gleditsia amorphoides, Peltophorum dubium,
Myrocarpus frondosus, Handroanthus heptaphylla, Cordia trichotoma,
Lonchocarpus muehlbergianum, B. riedelianum, and Myracrodruon balansae,
planted in trails within “capueras.” Survival was good in the test sites, except for
L. muehlbergianum and P. dubium in mixed plantation that did not surpass a survival of 56%. E. contortisiliquum stood out for having the best growth in the most
degraded site, suggesting its use for restoration of poor soils. However, the susceptibility of this species to the attack of the beetle Epicauta adspersa raised doubts
about the possibility of its establishment under open sky planting conditions,
although the intense attacks only occurred at the site of lower degradation and
affected the trees in the initial stages. In other experiments in the region, E. contortisiliquum showed good growth in enrichment trails. H. heptaphylla showed satisfactory behavior in the least degraded site. The high mortality of M. balansae and
P. dubium may have been explained by the soil compaction, which did not allow the
roots to explore in depth for water supply under drought conditions. Both species
exhibited basal-stem regrowth of approximately 20% of the dead standing specimens, with growth of 1.5 m on average per year. This suggests the possibility of
silvicultural conduction of both species. B. riedelianum did not adapt to any of the
sites, despite being replaced for a total of 3 years. The mixed plantations were beneficial for all the species considered in this work. E. contortisiliquum and M. balansae combined showed the greatest survival, while P. dubium in mixed plantation
showed greater diameter and height. In terms of predictive models of performance
analysis, logarithmic ones proved to be suitable but constrained to an age limit of
5 years, since at lower ages negative values would be obtained. The implementation
of a productive diversification makes up a promising tool for the recovery of areas
that suffer from a species impoverishment and difficulties in the process of natural
forest succession, adding to the degradation of physical aspects like soil and water.
Moretti et al. (2019) recently reported another experience of rainforest restoration, in San Antonio (Misiones). The work focused on a species that has high timber
and ecological value: Cabralea canjerana, and the aim was (again) to evaluate its
establishment under different coverage conditions. Two experiments were carried
out: a pot experiment in which survival and growth under two extreme natural coverages were evaluated, and a field experiment in which this species was planted in a
12 Subtropical Rainforests: The Yungas and the Alto Paraná Rainforest
above 70%, but differences arose between species and coverage conditions.
Balfourodendron riedelianum stood out in open sky with 96% survival and showed
an 81% survival under pine canopy. Likewise, Enterolobium contortisiliquum
showed the best average growth in DBH (14 cm) and height (7 m) in both situations,
although the crowns were opened resulting in a poor forestry shape. Comparatively,
Cordia trichotoma and B. riedelianum presented monopodial growth and straight
stem, resulting in promising species for the logging industry. Another study (Barth
et al. 2008) evaluated some trials and plantations trying to identify native species
that could adapt to plantation systems under three different conditions: open sky,
under a protective cover into “capueras” (degraded forest) and in agroforestry systems (with cattle rearing and without it). The purpose was to search alternatives to
recover degraded forestry ecosystems. The evaluated species were E. contortisiliquum, Cedrela fissilis, Gleditsia amorphoides, Peltophorum dubium,
Myrocarpus frondosus, Handroanthus heptaphylla, Cordia trichotoma,
Lonchocarpus muehlbergianum, B. riedelianum, and Myracrodruon balansae,
planted in trails within “capueras.” Survival was good in the test sites, except for
L. muehlbergianum and P. dubium in mixed plantation that did not surpass a survival of 56%. E. contortisiliquum stood out for having the best growth in the most
degraded site, suggesting its use for restoration of poor soils. However, the susceptibility of this species to the attack of the beetle Epicauta adspersa raised doubts
about the possibility of its establishment under open sky planting conditions,
although the intense attacks only occurred at the site of lower degradation and
affected the trees in the initial stages. In other experiments in the region, E. contortisiliquum showed good growth in enrichment trails. H. heptaphylla showed satisfactory behavior in the least degraded site. The high mortality of M. balansae and
P. dubium may have been explained by the soil compaction, which did not allow the
roots to explore in depth for water supply under drought conditions. Both species
exhibited basal-stem regrowth of approximately 20% of the dead standing specimens, with growth of 1.5 m on average per year. This suggests the possibility of
silvicultural conduction of both species. B. riedelianum did not adapt to any of the
sites, despite being replaced for a total of 3 years. The mixed plantations were beneficial for all the species considered in this work. E. contortisiliquum and M. balansae combined showed the greatest survival, while P. dubium in mixed plantation
showed greater diameter and height. In terms of predictive models of performance
analysis, logarithmic ones proved to be suitable but constrained to an age limit of
5 years, since at lower ages negative values would be obtained. The implementation
of a productive diversification makes up a promising tool for the recovery of areas
that suffer from a species impoverishment and difficulties in the process of natural
forest succession, adding to the degradation of physical aspects like soil and water.
Moretti et al. (2019) recently reported another experience of rainforest restoration, in San Antonio (Misiones). The work focused on a species that has high timber
and ecological value: Cabralea canjerana, and the aim was (again) to evaluate its
establishment under different coverage conditions. Two experiments were carried
out: a pot experiment in which survival and growth under two extreme natural coverages were evaluated, and a field experiment in which this species was planted in a
12 Subtropical Rainforests: The Yungas and the Alto Paraná Rainforest