336
In 2006, INTA formally initiated the “Program for Domestication, Conservation
and Use of Native Forest Tree Genetic Resources,” in articulation with the National
Parks Administration (APN), several national universities, and private companies
with forest management certification. In order to prioritize species to domesticate
among 40 high value wooden species of the Argentinean rainforests (Eliano et al.
2009), a survey was conducted to know the opinion of the potential beneficiaries/
users, considering the value of their wood, their growth rate, their potential surface
cultivation, the level of existing knowledge, and their ecological vulnerability.
Selected species in order of importance for the NWA were Cedrela balansae,
Cedrela angustifolia, Cordia trichotoma, Handroanthus impetiginosus,
Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Tipuana tipu, Juglans australis, Myroxylon
puruiferum, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Amburana cearensis, Pterogyne
nitens, and Jacaranda mimosifolia. The domestication program began with the first
four mentioned species. The same procedure was done in the NEA, being the
selected species Cedrela fissilis, Cordia trichotoma, Enterolobium contortisiliquum,
Handroanthus heptaphylla, Peltophorum dubium, Parapiptadenia rígida,
Bastardiopsis densiflora, Myrocarpus frondosus, Cabralea oblongifoliola,
Astronium urundeuva, and Luehea divaricata, of which the domestication process
of the first two was initiated (Fornes et al. 2016).
Experiences of restoration of degraded native forests in Argentinean Sub-tropical
Rainforest are not abundant. An example is the experience conducted by Grance and
Maiocco (1995), who performed enrichment strips in the Alto Paraná Rainforest
with Bastardiopsis densiflora and recorded a 60% survival rate in the third year with
plants coming from natural regeneration. They also noted that the open paths
favored the installation of natural regeneration. Eibl et al. (1996) assessed regeneration in different forest harvesting situations, concluding that in the disturbed areas
the quantity of seedlings was greater than under forest coverage, since most tree
species would be favored by the luminosity increment. Montagnini et al. (1997)
conducted enrichment experiences with commercially valuable native species in an
overexploited forest where they evaluated ten species including the palm Euterpe
edulis. After 4 to 7 years of planting, the species that showed the highest mean
height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were Bastardiopsis densiflora,
Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Nectandra lanceolata, Ocotea puberula, and
Peltophorum dubium. In addition, Cordia trichotoma and Balfourodendron riedelianum, appreciated as timber, were recommended for enrichment despite their relatively slow growth. Likewise, Euterpe edulis, despite its low survival rate, presented
individuals with good development. Another important aspect is the differences
between species in the requirements for their regeneration, which plays a crucial
role in the structuring of communities in general (Pickett and White 1985) and in
tropical forests in particular (Denslow 1987). Thus, the requirements for regeneration in the different phases of the gaps contribute to the maintenance of the diversity
of the tropical forests (Denslow 1980).
Crechi et al. (2010) reported another experience including a silvicultural field
trial with three native species assayed under pine canopy and at open sky. They
assessed the total height and DBH up to 12 years of age, showing a mean survival
L. F. Fornes
In 2006, INTA formally initiated the “Program for Domestication, Conservation
and Use of Native Forest Tree Genetic Resources,” in articulation with the National
Parks Administration (APN), several national universities, and private companies
with forest management certification. In order to prioritize species to domesticate
among 40 high value wooden species of the Argentinean rainforests (Eliano et al.
2009), a survey was conducted to know the opinion of the potential beneficiaries/
users, considering the value of their wood, their growth rate, their potential surface
cultivation, the level of existing knowledge, and their ecological vulnerability.
Selected species in order of importance for the NWA were Cedrela balansae,
Cedrela angustifolia, Cordia trichotoma, Handroanthus impetiginosus,
Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Tipuana tipu, Juglans australis, Myroxylon
puruiferum, Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil, Amburana cearensis, Pterogyne
nitens, and Jacaranda mimosifolia. The domestication program began with the first
four mentioned species. The same procedure was done in the NEA, being the
selected species Cedrela fissilis, Cordia trichotoma, Enterolobium contortisiliquum,
Handroanthus heptaphylla, Peltophorum dubium, Parapiptadenia rígida,
Bastardiopsis densiflora, Myrocarpus frondosus, Cabralea oblongifoliola,
Astronium urundeuva, and Luehea divaricata, of which the domestication process
of the first two was initiated (Fornes et al. 2016).
Experiences of restoration of degraded native forests in Argentinean Sub-tropical
Rainforest are not abundant. An example is the experience conducted by Grance and
Maiocco (1995), who performed enrichment strips in the Alto Paraná Rainforest
with Bastardiopsis densiflora and recorded a 60% survival rate in the third year with
plants coming from natural regeneration. They also noted that the open paths
favored the installation of natural regeneration. Eibl et al. (1996) assessed regeneration in different forest harvesting situations, concluding that in the disturbed areas
the quantity of seedlings was greater than under forest coverage, since most tree
species would be favored by the luminosity increment. Montagnini et al. (1997)
conducted enrichment experiences with commercially valuable native species in an
overexploited forest where they evaluated ten species including the palm Euterpe
edulis. After 4 to 7 years of planting, the species that showed the highest mean
height and diameter at breast height (DBH) were Bastardiopsis densiflora,
Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Nectandra lanceolata, Ocotea puberula, and
Peltophorum dubium. In addition, Cordia trichotoma and Balfourodendron riedelianum, appreciated as timber, were recommended for enrichment despite their relatively slow growth. Likewise, Euterpe edulis, despite its low survival rate, presented
individuals with good development. Another important aspect is the differences
between species in the requirements for their regeneration, which plays a crucial
role in the structuring of communities in general (Pickett and White 1985) and in
tropical forests in particular (Denslow 1987). Thus, the requirements for regeneration in the different phases of the gaps contribute to the maintenance of the diversity
of the tropical forests (Denslow 1980).
Crechi et al. (2010) reported another experience including a silvicultural field
trial with three native species assayed under pine canopy and at open sky. They
assessed the total height and DBH up to 12 years of age, showing a mean survival
L. F. Fornes