139
5.6 Domestication and Low-Intensity Breeding Strategies
5.6.1 First Steps in N. antarctica
Although regeneration by sprouts (even after fire) is common in the species, viable
seeds are produced regularly. In primary old growth stands of Tierra del Fuego
(Soler Esteban et al. 2010), a one-season production of 1.85 million of viable seeds
per hectare was estimated, which in fact represent a very low proportion of the
10.28 millions of seeds produced. These values surely vary among years and stands,
but anyway, seeds are commonly available. This opens the possibility of seedling
production and consequently active restoration (plantation) in the management of
markedly degraded ñirantales (i.e., natural forests of the species), ensuring and
accelerating the times of forest regeneration. Likewise, planting of N. antarctica for
productive purposes is also possible, mainly in silvopastoral systems related to cattle raising (Hansen et al. 2004), in the forest-steppe ecotone. Seedlings suitable for
planting can be obtained in one season by means of ferti-irrigation under greenhouse
Table 5.5 Additive genetic variance (σ A ), variation coefficient (CV A %), and heritability (h
2
) in five
variables measured in Nothofagus pumilio seedlings
Populations Sample size
LH low
N = 12
Hm
N = 26
LH high
N = 15
SM
N = 15
Q ST
LA
LO
42°50′
71°16′
42°49′
71°15’
42° 50′
71° 27′
43° 49′
70° 45′
AL
1100
1450
1000
1450
Variables
H
σA
0
0
790.74
544.83
0.15
CVA%
0
0
55.23
44.31
h
2
0
0
0.57
0.40
D
σA
0.34
0.12
0.49
0
–
CVA%
11.65
5.74
14.25
0
h
2
0
0.15
0.54
0
h/d
σA
0
0
226.35
146.59
0.16
CVA%
0
0
35.56
39.27
h
2
0
0
0.43
0.48
I
σA
0
0
5.18
3.97
0.17
CVA%
0
0
18.43
19.67
h
2
0
0
0.54
0.43
Lr/h
σA
0
0
0
0
–
CVA%
114.76
0
0
0
h
2
1.16
0
0
0
From Mondino (2014)
LA-LO, latitude-longitude (S – W); AL, altitude (m asl); Q ST , genetic differentiation coefficients
between populations; H, main axis length; D, collar diameter; h/d, height/diameter ratio; I, average
internode length on the main axis; lr/h, ratio between length of the longest primary branch
and height
5 Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica: The Most Widely Distributed…
5.6 Domestication and Low-Intensity Breeding Strategies
5.6.1 First Steps in N. antarctica
Although regeneration by sprouts (even after fire) is common in the species, viable
seeds are produced regularly. In primary old growth stands of Tierra del Fuego
(Soler Esteban et al. 2010), a one-season production of 1.85 million of viable seeds
per hectare was estimated, which in fact represent a very low proportion of the
10.28 millions of seeds produced. These values surely vary among years and stands,
but anyway, seeds are commonly available. This opens the possibility of seedling
production and consequently active restoration (plantation) in the management of
markedly degraded ñirantales (i.e., natural forests of the species), ensuring and
accelerating the times of forest regeneration. Likewise, planting of N. antarctica for
productive purposes is also possible, mainly in silvopastoral systems related to cattle raising (Hansen et al. 2004), in the forest-steppe ecotone. Seedlings suitable for
planting can be obtained in one season by means of ferti-irrigation under greenhouse
Table 5.5 Additive genetic variance (σ A ), variation coefficient (CV A %), and heritability (h
2
) in five
variables measured in Nothofagus pumilio seedlings
Populations Sample size
LH low
N = 12
Hm
N = 26
LH high
N = 15
SM
N = 15
Q ST
LA
LO
42°50′
71°16′
42°49′
71°15’
42° 50′
71° 27′
43° 49′
70° 45′
AL
1100
1450
1000
1450
Variables
H
σA
0
0
790.74
544.83
0.15
CVA%
0
0
55.23
44.31
h
2
0
0
0.57
0.40
D
σA
0.34
0.12
0.49
0
–
CVA%
11.65
5.74
14.25
0
h
2
0
0.15
0.54
0
h/d
σA
0
0
226.35
146.59
0.16
CVA%
0
0
35.56
39.27
h
2
0
0
0.43
0.48
I
σA
0
0
5.18
3.97
0.17
CVA%
0
0
18.43
19.67
h
2
0
0
0.54
0.43
Lr/h
σA
0
0
0
0
–
CVA%
114.76
0
0
0
h
2
1.16
0
0
0
From Mondino (2014)
LA-LO, latitude-longitude (S – W); AL, altitude (m asl); Q ST , genetic differentiation coefficients
between populations; H, main axis length; D, collar diameter; h/d, height/diameter ratio; I, average
internode length on the main axis; lr/h, ratio between length of the longest primary branch
and height
5 Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica: The Most Widely Distributed…