250 Index
Ceratonia siliqua, 105
CFCs, see Chlorofluorocarbons
Chemosynthetic organisms, 12
Chlordane, 140
Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 142, 143
Chlorine, 167
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 176, 180
Chromium, 149
exposure to, 149
hexavalent chromium, 149
trivalent chromium, 149
US EPA limit for drinking water, 149
Cigarette smoke, 126
City, environment in, 115–136
cities in the developing world,
118–119
arbitrary dwellings, 119
job opportunities, 118
poor un urban centres, 118
shantytowns, 118
sustainable development, 119
Third World cities, 119
cities in industrial countries, 119–120
deteriorating infrastructures, 120
exodus of population, 120
global consumption of natural
resources, 119
industrial production, 119
motor-driven vehicles, 120
city and urban activities, 116–118
artificial environment, 117
basic needs of inhabitants, 117
characteristic disorders, 118
number of inhabitants, 117
settlement, 117
sustainable city, 118
green and open spaces, 128–136
adverse impacts on natural
environment, 129
automobile accidents, 135
coastal ecosystems, 129
difficulties involved in creating
urban biotopes in some cities,
136
nature in the city, 132–136
omnipresence of wildlife, 132
over-grazing, 131
oxygen cycle, stability of, 128
periurban natural environment,
128–129
prejudice against wild animals,
136
streams in the cities, 130
streams in Mediterranean city
(Athens), 130–132
urban ecosystem, 134–136
wildlife in cities, 133
indoor pollution, 125–128
asbestos, 126
cigarette smoke, 126
formaldehyde, 127
passive smoking, 126
pathogenic microorganisms, 127
principal indoor pollutants, 126
radon, 126
sick building syndrome, 127–128
threats to human health, 125
ventilation, 127
volatile organic compounds, 126
noise pollution, 121–123
acceptable limit, 122
black spots, 122
causes of noise, 121
characteristic cases, 121
grey spots, 122
importance of problem, 122
negative effects on animal species,
121
typical noise levels, 121
pollution from urban solid waste,
123–125
environmental degradation, 123
fertilisers, 123
integrated management of USW,
125
lack of management, 123, 124
local air pollution, 124
metals present in USW, 125
quantity of USW, 124
risk of forest fires, 124
rubbish, 123
social participation, 123
urban wastewater, 123
urban environment, 115–116
contributors to degradation of
environment, 115
matter and energy flow in urban
system, 116
quality, 116
urbanisation, 116
Climatic noise, 183
Coastal zones, 100–106
anoxic conditions, 103
biosphere’s influence, 100
Ceratonia siliqua, 105
CFCs, see Chlorofluorocarbons
Chemosynthetic organisms, 12
Chlordane, 140
Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 142, 143
Chlorine, 167
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 176, 180
Chromium, 149
exposure to, 149
hexavalent chromium, 149
trivalent chromium, 149
US EPA limit for drinking water, 149
Cigarette smoke, 126
City, environment in, 115–136
cities in the developing world,
118–119
arbitrary dwellings, 119
job opportunities, 118
poor un urban centres, 118
shantytowns, 118
sustainable development, 119
Third World cities, 119
cities in industrial countries, 119–120
deteriorating infrastructures, 120
exodus of population, 120
global consumption of natural
resources, 119
industrial production, 119
motor-driven vehicles, 120
city and urban activities, 116–118
artificial environment, 117
basic needs of inhabitants, 117
characteristic disorders, 118
number of inhabitants, 117
settlement, 117
sustainable city, 118
green and open spaces, 128–136
adverse impacts on natural
environment, 129
automobile accidents, 135
coastal ecosystems, 129
difficulties involved in creating
urban biotopes in some cities,
136
nature in the city, 132–136
omnipresence of wildlife, 132
over-grazing, 131
oxygen cycle, stability of, 128
periurban natural environment,
128–129
prejudice against wild animals,
136
streams in the cities, 130
streams in Mediterranean city
(Athens), 130–132
urban ecosystem, 134–136
wildlife in cities, 133
indoor pollution, 125–128
asbestos, 126
cigarette smoke, 126
formaldehyde, 127
passive smoking, 126
pathogenic microorganisms, 127
principal indoor pollutants, 126
radon, 126
sick building syndrome, 127–128
threats to human health, 125
ventilation, 127
volatile organic compounds, 126
noise pollution, 121–123
acceptable limit, 122
black spots, 122
causes of noise, 121
characteristic cases, 121
grey spots, 122
importance of problem, 122
negative effects on animal species,
121
typical noise levels, 121
pollution from urban solid waste,
123–125
environmental degradation, 123
fertilisers, 123
integrated management of USW,
125
lack of management, 123, 124
local air pollution, 124
metals present in USW, 125
quantity of USW, 124
risk of forest fires, 124
rubbish, 123
social participation, 123
urban wastewater, 123
urban environment, 115–116
contributors to degradation of
environment, 115
matter and energy flow in urban
system, 116
quality, 116
urbanisation, 116
Climatic noise, 183
Coastal zones, 100–106
anoxic conditions, 103
biosphere’s influence, 100