Index 249
Biocides, 141, 144
Biodiversity, landscape and, 106–114
biosphere species, estimated
number of, 106
biotopes, 108
conservation of biodiversity, 106
destruction of ecological habitats,
106
flora and fauna, 107–108
global biodiversity decrease, 106
Greek landscape, 109–114
over-exploitation, 106
pressures on natural landscape,
108–109
Biodiversity, landscape protection and,
215–219
methods of biodiversity
conservation, 217–219
categories of protection zones, 218
designation of protected areas, 218
effective biodiversity protection,
218
geographic distribution, 218
goal, 217
human time scale, 217
socioeconomic state of
developing countries, 217
multiple dimensions of nature
protection, 215
cultural environment
conservation, 215
damage caused by pollution, 215
natural ecosystems, 215
protection of biodiversity and the
landscape as a social issue,
215–217
comfort, 216
freedom, 215
green capitalism, 216
legacy, 217
local population, 217
preserving environmental values,
217
public’s expectations, 216
respect, 217
saturation of consumer needs, 216
security, 216
Biogeochemical cycles, 61–73
carbon cycle, 64–67
feedback and exchange mechanisms,
62
humus, 65
interconnected ecosystems, 62
nitrogen cycle, 67–70
oxygen cycle, 70–71
phosphorous cycle, 71–72
recycling of chemical elements, 61
reservoir, 63
self-regulating cycles, 62
sulphur cycle, 73
water cycle, 64
Biological community, 25
Biological organisation, levels of, 9
Biomagnification, 54, 137, 165, 166
Biosphere
definition of, 85
efficiency, 54
energy source for, 51
future stability of, 231
man’s historical influence on, 85–87
agricultural revolution, 86
civilisations, 85
definition of biosphere, 85
domestication of animals, 86
energy consumption, 87
industrial civilisation, 86
meta-industrial era, 87
Palaeolithic man, 86
prehistoric era, 85
risk of multiple destabilisation of, 230
Biotope, 26, 108
Birth control measures, 230
Black spots (noise pollution), 122
BOD, see Biochemical oxygen demand
Boron, 167
c
Cadmium, 148–149
Carbon capture and storage (CCS), 180
Carbon cycle, 64–67
dissolved gas, 65
fossil fuel reserves, 67
humus conversion, 65
inorganic forms of carbon, 64
main features, 64–65
opposite image of, 70
ozone layer, 67
perturbations, 66–67
regulator of, 100
reservoirs, 66
Carrying capacity, 31
CCS, see Carbon capture and storage
Cellulose, 13
Biocides, 141, 144
Biodiversity, landscape and, 106–114
biosphere species, estimated
number of, 106
biotopes, 108
conservation of biodiversity, 106
destruction of ecological habitats,
106
flora and fauna, 107–108
global biodiversity decrease, 106
Greek landscape, 109–114
over-exploitation, 106
pressures on natural landscape,
108–109
Biodiversity, landscape protection and,
215–219
methods of biodiversity
conservation, 217–219
categories of protection zones, 218
designation of protected areas, 218
effective biodiversity protection,
218
geographic distribution, 218
goal, 217
human time scale, 217
socioeconomic state of
developing countries, 217
multiple dimensions of nature
protection, 215
cultural environment
conservation, 215
damage caused by pollution, 215
natural ecosystems, 215
protection of biodiversity and the
landscape as a social issue,
215–217
comfort, 216
freedom, 215
green capitalism, 216
legacy, 217
local population, 217
preserving environmental values,
217
public’s expectations, 216
respect, 217
saturation of consumer needs, 216
security, 216
Biogeochemical cycles, 61–73
carbon cycle, 64–67
feedback and exchange mechanisms,
62
humus, 65
interconnected ecosystems, 62
nitrogen cycle, 67–70
oxygen cycle, 70–71
phosphorous cycle, 71–72
recycling of chemical elements, 61
reservoir, 63
self-regulating cycles, 62
sulphur cycle, 73
water cycle, 64
Biological community, 25
Biological organisation, levels of, 9
Biomagnification, 54, 137, 165, 166
Biosphere
definition of, 85
efficiency, 54
energy source for, 51
future stability of, 231
man’s historical influence on, 85–87
agricultural revolution, 86
civilisations, 85
definition of biosphere, 85
domestication of animals, 86
energy consumption, 87
industrial civilisation, 86
meta-industrial era, 87
Palaeolithic man, 86
prehistoric era, 85
risk of multiple destabilisation of, 230
Biotope, 26, 108
Birth control measures, 230
Black spots (noise pollution), 122
BOD, see Biochemical oxygen demand
Boron, 167
c
Cadmium, 148–149
Carbon capture and storage (CCS), 180
Carbon cycle, 64–67
dissolved gas, 65
fossil fuel reserves, 67
humus conversion, 65
inorganic forms of carbon, 64
main features, 64–65
opposite image of, 70
ozone layer, 67
perturbations, 66–67
regulator of, 100
reservoirs, 66
Carrying capacity, 31
CCS, see Carbon capture and storage
Cellulose, 13