xii Contents
10.2 Dealing with Atmospheric Pollution 192
10.3 Urban Solid Waste Management 194
10.3.1 Landfills 195
10.3.2 Incineration 195
10.3.3 Sanitary Landfill 196
10.3.4 Composting 197
10.3.5 Mechanical Sorting 198
10.3.6 Reuse 198
10.3.7 Recycling with Sorting at Source 199
10.3.8 Recycling by Manual Sorting 199
10.3.9 Residuals Landfill 200
10.3.10 Special Solid Waste Management 200
10.3.11 Combination Possibilities 200
10.3.12 European Policy and Legislation 201
11 Tools for Environmental analysis, Evaluation
and management
203
11.1 Environmental Management 203
11.2 Definition and Assessment of Impacts on the Environment 203
11.3 Environmental Indices and Indicators 204
11.4 Life Cycle Analysis 205
11.5 Environmental Audits 207
11.6 Eco-Labels 207
11.7 Environmental Certification 207
11.8 Geographic Information System 208
11.9 Environmental Impact Assessment 209
11.9.1 A Hydraulic Work Impact Example 210
11.10 Information Access and Participation in Decision Making 212
12 biodiversity and Landscape Protection
215
12.1 Multiple Dimensions of Nature Protection 215
12.2 Protection of Biodiversity
and the Landscape as a Social Issue 215
12.3 Methods of Biodiversity Conservation 217
13 Environment and development
221
13.1 Impacts of Technology 221
13.2 The ‘Development versus Environment’ Dilemma 222
13.3 Sustainable Development 223