Contents xi
7.4.3 Cadmium and Zinc 148
7.4.4 Chromium 149
7.4.5 Nickel 149
7.4.6 Copper 150
7.4.7 Aluminium 150
7.4.8 Arsenic 151
7.4.9 Fluorine Compounds 151
7.5 Radioactivity 152
7.5.1 Essential Knowledge of the
Physics of Radioactivity 152
7.5.2 Effects of Radioactive Radiation 155
8 Water Pollution
159
8.1 Sources and Impacts of Water Pollution 159
8.2 Organic Matter—Oxygen Depletion 160
8.3 Phosphorus and Nitrogen—Eutrophication 161
8.4 Pathogenic Microorganisms—Contamination 165
8.5 Toxic Water Pollutants 166
8.6 Oil 167
8.7 Thermal Pollution 168
9 air Pollution and Global Change
169
9.1 Sources and Local Implications of Air Pollutants 169
9.1.1 Photochemical Smog 172
9.1.2 Effects on Health 172
9.2 Acid Rain 173
9.3 Depletion of Stratospheric Ozone 174
9.4 The Greenhouse Effect 177
9.4.1 Composition and Thermal Equilibrium
of the Atmosphere 177
9.4.2 Earth’s Climate 181
9.4.3 The Danger of Climatic Change 183
9.4.4 Possible Impacts of Climatic Changes 184
Part 3
Management of Environmental Problems
187
10 Pollution Control Technology
189
10.1 Dealing with Water Pollution 189