Carypomya vesuviana (jujube fly) from different geographic regions of the
countrytrop. Two species, R. cerasi and C. vesuviana, showed infection with
separate Wolbachia strains, namely wCer6 and wVes1, respectively. Here,
C. vesuviana was introduced as a novel host for Wolbachia. Also, using wsp
sequencing and MLST, the Wolbachia strain in C. vesuviana was established as a
new strain type (ST 277) (Karimi and Darsouei 2014).
13.2.1.5 Wolbachia in Culicidae
Population differentiation and Wolbachia phylogeny in Aedes scutellaris (Dip.:
Culicidae) was surveyed by Behbahani et al. (2005). Also, Wolbachia infection
was surveyed among Culex mosquitoes in southwest Iran (Behbahani 2012). All
samples of Culex quinquefasciatus (Dip: Culicidae) had Wolbachia infection, while
Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Dip: Culicidae) and Culex theileri (Dip: Culicidae) indicated no infection with Wolbachia. Karamin et al. (2016) detected Wolbachia in
Culex pipiens in the northern, central, and southern parts of Iran.
13.2.1.6 Wolbachia in Other Hosts
A new strain of Wolbachia was detected in sand fly, Paraphlebotomus sp. (Diptera:
Psychodidae) (Parvizi et al. 2013). Later, three new strains of Wolbachia pipientis
were identified in sandflies in Iran (Bordbar et al. 2014).
Hemmati et al. (2017), identified endosymbionts of Hishimonus phycitis (Hem.:
Cicadellidae). In this study, Candidatus Sulcia meelleri and Candidatus Nasuia
detocephalinicola were identified as primary endosymbionts. Wolbachia,
Arsenophonus sp., Diplorichettsia sp., Spiroplasma citri, and Pantoea agglomerans
were introduced as secondary endosymbionts.
13.2.2 Other Endosymbionts
Mehrabadi et al. (2012) showed that the posterior region of Eurygaster integriceps
(Hem.: Scutelleridae) has a vacuolated epithelium with many crypts harboring
symbiotic bacteria. A follow up study showed that removing these symbiotic
bacteria negatively affects fitness of E. integriceps (Kafil et al. 2013). Chavsin
et al. (2012), surveyed the diversity of bacterial microflora in the midgut of the
larvae and adult Anopheles stephensi (Dip.: Culicidae) and identified 40 species in
12 genera. In the larval midgut, there were seven gram-negative genera (Myroides,
Chryseobacterium, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and
Shewanella) and five gram-positive genera (Exiguobacterium, Enterococcus,
Kocuria, Microbacterium and Rhodococcus). In the adult midgut, there were
25 gram-negative genera including Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Bordetella,
13 Insect Pathogenic Viruses, Microsporidians and Endosymbionts
523
countrytrop. Two species, R. cerasi and C. vesuviana, showed infection with
separate Wolbachia strains, namely wCer6 and wVes1, respectively. Here,
C. vesuviana was introduced as a novel host for Wolbachia. Also, using wsp
sequencing and MLST, the Wolbachia strain in C. vesuviana was established as a
new strain type (ST 277) (Karimi and Darsouei 2014).
13.2.1.5 Wolbachia in Culicidae
Population differentiation and Wolbachia phylogeny in Aedes scutellaris (Dip.:
Culicidae) was surveyed by Behbahani et al. (2005). Also, Wolbachia infection
was surveyed among Culex mosquitoes in southwest Iran (Behbahani 2012). All
samples of Culex quinquefasciatus (Dip: Culicidae) had Wolbachia infection, while
Culex tritaeniorhynchus (Dip: Culicidae) and Culex theileri (Dip: Culicidae) indicated no infection with Wolbachia. Karamin et al. (2016) detected Wolbachia in
Culex pipiens in the northern, central, and southern parts of Iran.
13.2.1.6 Wolbachia in Other Hosts
A new strain of Wolbachia was detected in sand fly, Paraphlebotomus sp. (Diptera:
Psychodidae) (Parvizi et al. 2013). Later, three new strains of Wolbachia pipientis
were identified in sandflies in Iran (Bordbar et al. 2014).
Hemmati et al. (2017), identified endosymbionts of Hishimonus phycitis (Hem.:
Cicadellidae). In this study, Candidatus Sulcia meelleri and Candidatus Nasuia
detocephalinicola were identified as primary endosymbionts. Wolbachia,
Arsenophonus sp., Diplorichettsia sp., Spiroplasma citri, and Pantoea agglomerans
were introduced as secondary endosymbionts.
13.2.2 Other Endosymbionts
Mehrabadi et al. (2012) showed that the posterior region of Eurygaster integriceps
(Hem.: Scutelleridae) has a vacuolated epithelium with many crypts harboring
symbiotic bacteria. A follow up study showed that removing these symbiotic
bacteria negatively affects fitness of E. integriceps (Kafil et al. 2013). Chavsin
et al. (2012), surveyed the diversity of bacterial microflora in the midgut of the
larvae and adult Anopheles stephensi (Dip.: Culicidae) and identified 40 species in
12 genera. In the larval midgut, there were seven gram-negative genera (Myroides,
Chryseobacterium, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and
Shewanella) and five gram-positive genera (Exiguobacterium, Enterococcus,
Kocuria, Microbacterium and Rhodococcus). In the adult midgut, there were
25 gram-negative genera including Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, Bordetella,
13 Insect Pathogenic Viruses, Microsporidians and Endosymbionts
523