Lopes C, Spataro T, Lapchin L, Arditi R (2009) Optimal release strategies for the biological control
of aphids in melon greenhouses. Biol Control 48:12–21
Lotfalizadeh H, Gharali B (2008) Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran: new records
and a preliminary checklist. Entomofauna 29:93–120
Lotfalizadeh H, van Veen F (2004) Report of Alloxysta fuscicornis (Hym.: Cynipidae), a
hyperparasitoid of aphids in Iran. J Entomol Soc Iran 23:119–120
Macfadyen S, Gibson R, Raso L, Sint D, Traugott M, Memmott J (2009) Parasitoid control of
aphids in organic and conventional farming systems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 133:14–18
Mackauer M (1986) Growth and developmental interactions in some aphids and their hymenopterous parasites. J Insect Physiol 32:275–280
Mackauer M, Kambhampati S (1988a) Parasitism of aphid embryos by Aphidius smithi: some
effects of extremely small host size. Entomol Exp Appl 49:167–173
Mackauer M, Kambhampati S (1988b) Sampling and rearing of aphids parasites. In: Minks AK,
Harrewijn P (eds) Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp
205–216
Mackauer M, Völkl W (1993) Regulation of aphid populations by aphidiid wasps: does parasitoid
foraging behavior or hyperparasitism limit impact? Oecologia 94:339–350
Mackauer M, Völkl W (2002) Brood-size and sex-ratio variation in field populations of three
species of solitary aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Oecologia
131:296–305
Mahi H, Rasekh A, Michaud JP, Shishehbor P (2014) Biology of Lysiphlebus fabarum following
cold storage of larvae and pupae. Entomol Exp Appl 153:10–19
Mardani A, Sabahi Q, Rasekh A, Almasi A (2016) Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides
on the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae).
Phytoparasitica 44:91–98
Matejko I, Sullivan DJ (1984) Interspecific tertiary parasitoidism between two aphid
hyperparasitoids: Dendrocerus carpenteri and Alloxysta megourae (Hymenoptera:
Megaspilidae and Cynipidae). J Wash Acad Sci 74:31–38
Mdellel L, Ben Halima M, Rakhshani E (2015) Laboratory evaluation of Pauesia antennata
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae), specific parasitoid of Pterochloroides persicae (Hemiptera:
Aphididae). J Crop Prot 4:385–393
Mehrnejad MR, Emami SY (2005) Parasitoids associated with the common pistachio psylla,
Agonoscena pistaciae, in Iran. Biol Control 32:385–390
Messing RH, Aliniazee MT (1988) Hybridization and host suitability of two biotypes of Trioxys
pallidus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 81:6–9
Meyhöfer R, Klug T (2002) Intraguild predation on the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum
(Marshall)(Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae): mortality risks and behavioral decisions made under the
threats of predation. Biol Control 25:239–248
Mitroiu MD, Abolhassanzadeh F, Madjdzadeh SM (2011) New records of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran, with description of a new species. North West J Zool
7:243–249
Moayeri HR, Madadi H, Pouraskari H, Enkegaard A (2013) Temperature dependent functional
response of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne
brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Eur J Entomol 110:109–113
Mohammadi Z, Rasekh A, Kocheli F, Habibpour B (2015) Determining the best morphometric
indices for quality control in a sexual population of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Braconidae:
Aphidiinae). Plant Pest Res 5:37–48
Monajemi N, Esmaili M (1981) Population dynamics of lucerne aphids and their natural controlling
factors, in Karadj. J Entomol Soc Iran 6:41–63
Moscardini VF, Gontijo PC, Michaud JP, Carvalho GA (2014) Sublethal effects of
chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam seed treatments when Lysiphlebus testaceipes feed on
sunflower extrafloral nectar. BioControl 59:503–511
9 Aphid Parasitoids: Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae)
389
of aphids in melon greenhouses. Biol Control 48:12–21
Lotfalizadeh H, Gharali B (2008) Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran: new records
and a preliminary checklist. Entomofauna 29:93–120
Lotfalizadeh H, van Veen F (2004) Report of Alloxysta fuscicornis (Hym.: Cynipidae), a
hyperparasitoid of aphids in Iran. J Entomol Soc Iran 23:119–120
Macfadyen S, Gibson R, Raso L, Sint D, Traugott M, Memmott J (2009) Parasitoid control of
aphids in organic and conventional farming systems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 133:14–18
Mackauer M (1986) Growth and developmental interactions in some aphids and their hymenopterous parasites. J Insect Physiol 32:275–280
Mackauer M, Kambhampati S (1988a) Parasitism of aphid embryos by Aphidius smithi: some
effects of extremely small host size. Entomol Exp Appl 49:167–173
Mackauer M, Kambhampati S (1988b) Sampling and rearing of aphids parasites. In: Minks AK,
Harrewijn P (eds) Aphids, their biology, natural enemies and control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp
205–216
Mackauer M, Völkl W (1993) Regulation of aphid populations by aphidiid wasps: does parasitoid
foraging behavior or hyperparasitism limit impact? Oecologia 94:339–350
Mackauer M, Völkl W (2002) Brood-size and sex-ratio variation in field populations of three
species of solitary aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). Oecologia
131:296–305
Mahi H, Rasekh A, Michaud JP, Shishehbor P (2014) Biology of Lysiphlebus fabarum following
cold storage of larvae and pupae. Entomol Exp Appl 153:10–19
Mardani A, Sabahi Q, Rasekh A, Almasi A (2016) Lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides
on the aphid parasitoid, Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae).
Phytoparasitica 44:91–98
Matejko I, Sullivan DJ (1984) Interspecific tertiary parasitoidism between two aphid
hyperparasitoids: Dendrocerus carpenteri and Alloxysta megourae (Hymenoptera:
Megaspilidae and Cynipidae). J Wash Acad Sci 74:31–38
Mdellel L, Ben Halima M, Rakhshani E (2015) Laboratory evaluation of Pauesia antennata
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae), specific parasitoid of Pterochloroides persicae (Hemiptera:
Aphididae). J Crop Prot 4:385–393
Mehrnejad MR, Emami SY (2005) Parasitoids associated with the common pistachio psylla,
Agonoscena pistaciae, in Iran. Biol Control 32:385–390
Messing RH, Aliniazee MT (1988) Hybridization and host suitability of two biotypes of Trioxys
pallidus (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 81:6–9
Meyhöfer R, Klug T (2002) Intraguild predation on the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum
(Marshall)(Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae): mortality risks and behavioral decisions made under the
threats of predation. Biol Control 25:239–248
Mitroiu MD, Abolhassanzadeh F, Madjdzadeh SM (2011) New records of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from Iran, with description of a new species. North West J Zool
7:243–249
Moayeri HR, Madadi H, Pouraskari H, Enkegaard A (2013) Temperature dependent functional
response of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) to the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne
brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Eur J Entomol 110:109–113
Mohammadi Z, Rasekh A, Kocheli F, Habibpour B (2015) Determining the best morphometric
indices for quality control in a sexual population of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Braconidae:
Aphidiinae). Plant Pest Res 5:37–48
Monajemi N, Esmaili M (1981) Population dynamics of lucerne aphids and their natural controlling
factors, in Karadj. J Entomol Soc Iran 6:41–63
Moscardini VF, Gontijo PC, Michaud JP, Carvalho GA (2014) Sublethal effects of
chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam seed treatments when Lysiphlebus testaceipes feed on
sunflower extrafloral nectar. BioControl 59:503–511
9 Aphid Parasitoids: Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae)
389