Berryman AA (1999) The theoretical foundations of biological control. In: Hawkins BA, Cornell
HV (eds) Theoretical approaches to biological control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
pp 3–21
Bianchi FJ, Booij CJH, Tscharntke T (2006) Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes:
a review on landscape composition, biodiversity and natural pest control. Proc R Soc Lond Biol
Sci 273:1715–1727
Bigler F (1989) Quality assessment and control in entomophagous insects used for biological
control. J Appl Entomol 108:390–400
Boivin G, Hance T, Brodeur J (2012) Aphid parasitoids in biological control. Can J Plant Sci
92:1–12
Bourdais D, Vernon P, Krespi L, van Baaren J (2012) Behavioral consequences of cold exposure on
males and females of Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stephani Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
BioControl 57:349–360
Brewer MJ, Noma T, Elliott NC, Kravchenko AN, Hild AL (2008) A landscape view of cereal
aphid parasitoid dynamics reveals sensitivity to farm-and region-scale vegetation structure. Eur
J Entomol 105(3):503–511
Briggs CJ, Borer ET (2005) Why short-term experiments may not allow long-term predictions
about intraguild predation. Ecol Appl 15:1111–1117
Brodeur J, McNeil JN (1994) Life history of the aphid hyperparasitoid Asaphes vulgaris Walker
(Pteromalidae): possible consequences on the efficacy of the primary parasitoid Aphidius
nigripes Ashmead (Aphidiidae). Can Entomol 126:1493–1497
Brodeur J, Rosenheim JA (2000) Intraguild interactions in aphid parasitoids. Entomol Exp Appl
97:93–108
Brown MW, Mathews CR (2007) Conservation biological control of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis
plantaginea (Passerini), in eastern North America. Environ Entomol 36:1131–1139
Buitenhuis R, Boivin G, Vet LEM, Brodeur J (2004) Preference and performance of the
hyperparasitoid Syrphophagus aphidivorus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): fitness consequences
of selecting hosts in live aphids or aphid mummies. Ecol Entomol 29:648–656
Byeon YW, Tuda M, Kim JH, Choi MY (2011) Functional responses of aphid parasitoids, Aphidius
colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus asychis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).
Biocontrol Sci Tech 21:57–70
Carey JR (1993) Applied demography for biologists with special emphasis on insects. Oxford
University Press, New York
Carter MC, Dixon AFG (1984) Honeydew, an arrestment stimulus for coccinellids. Ecol Entomol
9:383–387
Carver M (1992) Alloxystinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Charipidae) in Australia. Invert Taxon
6:769–785
Chi H, Su HY (2006) Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathematical proof of the relationship between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate. Environ
Entomol 35:10–21
Cloutier C, Duperron J, Tertuliano M, McNeil JN (2000) Host instar, body size and fitness in the
koinobiotic parasitoid Aphidius nigripes. Entomol Exp Appl 97:29–40
Colfer RG, Rosenheim JA (2001) Predation on immature parasitoids and its impact on aphid
suppression. Oecologia 126:292–304
Cortesero AM, Stapel JO, Lewis WJ (2000) Understanding and manipulating plant attributes to
enhance biological control. Biol Control 17:35–49
Costamagna AC, Landis DA, Difonzo CD (2007) Suppression of soybean aphid by generalist
predators results in a trophic cascade in soybeans. Ecol Appl 17:441–451
Darsoei R, Karimi J, Modarres Awal M (2011) Parasitic wasps as natural enemies of aphid
population in the Mashhad region of Iran: new data from DNA sequences and SEM. Arc Biol
Sci 63:1225–1234
9 Aphid Parasitoids: Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae)
383
HV (eds) Theoretical approaches to biological control. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
pp 3–21
Bianchi FJ, Booij CJH, Tscharntke T (2006) Sustainable pest regulation in agricultural landscapes:
a review on landscape composition, biodiversity and natural pest control. Proc R Soc Lond Biol
Sci 273:1715–1727
Bigler F (1989) Quality assessment and control in entomophagous insects used for biological
control. J Appl Entomol 108:390–400
Boivin G, Hance T, Brodeur J (2012) Aphid parasitoids in biological control. Can J Plant Sci
92:1–12
Bourdais D, Vernon P, Krespi L, van Baaren J (2012) Behavioral consequences of cold exposure on
males and females of Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stephani Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
BioControl 57:349–360
Brewer MJ, Noma T, Elliott NC, Kravchenko AN, Hild AL (2008) A landscape view of cereal
aphid parasitoid dynamics reveals sensitivity to farm-and region-scale vegetation structure. Eur
J Entomol 105(3):503–511
Briggs CJ, Borer ET (2005) Why short-term experiments may not allow long-term predictions
about intraguild predation. Ecol Appl 15:1111–1117
Brodeur J, McNeil JN (1994) Life history of the aphid hyperparasitoid Asaphes vulgaris Walker
(Pteromalidae): possible consequences on the efficacy of the primary parasitoid Aphidius
nigripes Ashmead (Aphidiidae). Can Entomol 126:1493–1497
Brodeur J, Rosenheim JA (2000) Intraguild interactions in aphid parasitoids. Entomol Exp Appl
97:93–108
Brown MW, Mathews CR (2007) Conservation biological control of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis
plantaginea (Passerini), in eastern North America. Environ Entomol 36:1131–1139
Buitenhuis R, Boivin G, Vet LEM, Brodeur J (2004) Preference and performance of the
hyperparasitoid Syrphophagus aphidivorus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae): fitness consequences
of selecting hosts in live aphids or aphid mummies. Ecol Entomol 29:648–656
Byeon YW, Tuda M, Kim JH, Choi MY (2011) Functional responses of aphid parasitoids, Aphidius
colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus asychis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).
Biocontrol Sci Tech 21:57–70
Carey JR (1993) Applied demography for biologists with special emphasis on insects. Oxford
University Press, New York
Carter MC, Dixon AFG (1984) Honeydew, an arrestment stimulus for coccinellids. Ecol Entomol
9:383–387
Carver M (1992) Alloxystinae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Charipidae) in Australia. Invert Taxon
6:769–785
Chi H, Su HY (2006) Age-stage, two-sex life tables of Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) with mathematical proof of the relationship between female fecundity and the net reproductive rate. Environ
Entomol 35:10–21
Cloutier C, Duperron J, Tertuliano M, McNeil JN (2000) Host instar, body size and fitness in the
koinobiotic parasitoid Aphidius nigripes. Entomol Exp Appl 97:29–40
Colfer RG, Rosenheim JA (2001) Predation on immature parasitoids and its impact on aphid
suppression. Oecologia 126:292–304
Cortesero AM, Stapel JO, Lewis WJ (2000) Understanding and manipulating plant attributes to
enhance biological control. Biol Control 17:35–49
Costamagna AC, Landis DA, Difonzo CD (2007) Suppression of soybean aphid by generalist
predators results in a trophic cascade in soybeans. Ecol Appl 17:441–451
Darsoei R, Karimi J, Modarres Awal M (2011) Parasitic wasps as natural enemies of aphid
population in the Mashhad region of Iran: new data from DNA sequences and SEM. Arc Biol
Sci 63:1225–1234
9 Aphid Parasitoids: Aphidiinae (Hym., Braconidae)
383