9.4.2 Aphid Parasitoids in Urban Areas
Urban ecosystems are significantly influenced by an area and settlement intensity,
and green area size. In a milder zone, city parks, arboretums, road line shading
groves, and small private gardens yield a lot of plant mixes composed from ornamentals, shady species, fruit trees, and vegetable crops. More or less, various kinds
of weeds are present, everywhere yield a usually rich aphid and parasitoid fauna, to
be considered even what their interactions and possible management concerns
Table 9.4 Aphid parasitoids and their hosts in pome and stone fruit trees in Iran
Parasitoids species
Host aphids
Aphidius matricariae
Haliday
Aphis pomi de Geer; Aphis spiraecola Patch; Brachycaudus
amygdalinus (Schouteden); Brachycaudus cardui (L.); Brachycaudus
helichrysi (Kaltenbach); Brachycaudus persicae (Passerini); Myzus
cerasi (Fabricius); Myzus persicae (Sulzer); Ovatus insitus (Walker);
Rhopalosiphum padi (L.)
Aphidius platensis
Brethes
Brachycaudus amygdalinus (Schouteden); Myzus persicae (Sulzer);
Phorodon humuli (Schrank)
Aphidius transcaspicus
Telenga
Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard); Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffrey)
Binodoxys acalephae
(Marshall)
Aphis pomi de Geer; Aphis spiraecola Patch
Binodoxys angelicae
(Haliday)
Aphis pomi de Geer; Aphis spiraecola Patch
Diaeretiella rapae
(M’Intosh)
Myzus persicae (Sulzer)
Ephedrus cerasicola
Starý
Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini); Myzus cerasi (Fabricius); Myzus
persicae (Sulzer)
Ephedrus persicae
Froggatt
Brachycaudus amygdalinus (Schouteden); Brachycaudus helichrysi
(Kaltenbach); Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini); Dysaphis pyri (Boyer
de Fonscolombe); Dysaphis reaumuri (Mordvilko); Hyalopterus
amygdali (Blanchard); Myzus cerasi (Fabricius); Myzus persicae
(Sulzer); Phorodon humuli (Schrank)
Ephedrus plagiator
(Nees)
Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach); Dysaphis pyri (Boyer de
Fonscolombe)
Lysiphlebus fabarum
(Marshall)
Aphis pomi de Geer; Aphis spiraecola Patch; Brachycaudus
amygdalinus (Schouteden); Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach);
Brachycaudus persicae (Passerini); Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini)
Pauesia antennata
(Mukerji)
Pterochloroides persicae (Cholodkovsky)
Praon abjectum
(Haliday)
Brachycaudus cardui (L.)
Praon volucre
(Haliday)
Aphis pomi de Geer; Brachycaudus amygdalinus (Schouteden);
Brachycaudus cardui (L.); Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach);
Brachycaudus persicae (Passerini); Dysaphis pyri (Boyer de
Fonscolombe); Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard); Hyalopterus pruni
(Geoffrey); Myzus persicae (Sulzer)
356
E. Rakhshani and P. Starý