low to control the DBM efficiently (it was 7.93% and 1.8% on Boris and S-J
cultivars, respectively) (Hasanshahi et al. 2012b).
7.2.4 Diamondback Moth Parasitoids
Study of parasitic wasps received from different localities in Iran 2008–2012,
showed that there are 10 hymenopterous parasitoids on diamondback moth
(DBM), Plutella xylostella (Linneaus) (Lep.: Plutellidae) in Iran (Lotfalizadeh
et al. 2013). The larval parasitoid, Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hym.:
Eulophidae) is the most important parasitoid of DBM reported from Iran (Golizadeh
et al. 2008a, b, c) but Brachymeria excarinata (Gahan) (Hym.: Chalcididae) attacks
pupae (Afunizadeh et al. 2010). Two petromalid species, Mokrzeckia obscura
(Graham) and Pteromalus sp. were reported as hyperparasitoids of DBM. Regarding
adaptation with relatively high temperatures, it has been suggested that
O. sokolowskii is the only chalcidoid species, which has the capacity to control
DBM in tropical and semi-tropical conditions (Golizadeh et al. 2008a, b, c). Alternatively, the parasitism rate of this species in the south of Tehran was estimated too
low to control the DBM efficiently (it was 7.93% and 1.8% on Boris and S-J
cultivars, respectively) (Hasanshahi et al. 2012b).
7.2.5 Xylophagous Beetles Parasitoids
Nineteen species of Chalcidoidea have yet been recorded as parasitoids of Coleopteran xylophagous pests in Iran. They are belonging to six families including
Chalcididae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae and Pteromalidae
each with 5, 1, 1, 2, 4 and 7 known species, respectively (Table 7.2) (Lotfalizadeh
and Khalghani 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Jafari-Nadushan 2015). Lotfalizadeh et al.
(2012) tabulated the hosts of Iranian species of the family Chalcididae and reported
three species as parasitoids on Coleopterans of the family Buprestidae.
7.2.6 Alfalfa Leaf Miners Parasitoids
The most important alfalfa leaf miners in Iran include two dipterous and one
lepidopterous species as Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Chromatomyia horticola
(Goureau) (Dip.: Agromyzidae) and Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimor)
(Lep.: Gracillariidae). These species were parasitized with 23 hymenopterous parasitoids including 19 eulophids and four pteromalids species (Lotfalizadeh et al.
2015) (Table 7.3).
236
H. Lotfalizadeh and A. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi
cultivars, respectively) (Hasanshahi et al. 2012b).
7.2.4 Diamondback Moth Parasitoids
Study of parasitic wasps received from different localities in Iran 2008–2012,
showed that there are 10 hymenopterous parasitoids on diamondback moth
(DBM), Plutella xylostella (Linneaus) (Lep.: Plutellidae) in Iran (Lotfalizadeh
et al. 2013). The larval parasitoid, Oomyzus sokolowskii (Kurdjumov) (Hym.:
Eulophidae) is the most important parasitoid of DBM reported from Iran (Golizadeh
et al. 2008a, b, c) but Brachymeria excarinata (Gahan) (Hym.: Chalcididae) attacks
pupae (Afunizadeh et al. 2010). Two petromalid species, Mokrzeckia obscura
(Graham) and Pteromalus sp. were reported as hyperparasitoids of DBM. Regarding
adaptation with relatively high temperatures, it has been suggested that
O. sokolowskii is the only chalcidoid species, which has the capacity to control
DBM in tropical and semi-tropical conditions (Golizadeh et al. 2008a, b, c). Alternatively, the parasitism rate of this species in the south of Tehran was estimated too
low to control the DBM efficiently (it was 7.93% and 1.8% on Boris and S-J
cultivars, respectively) (Hasanshahi et al. 2012b).
7.2.5 Xylophagous Beetles Parasitoids
Nineteen species of Chalcidoidea have yet been recorded as parasitoids of Coleopteran xylophagous pests in Iran. They are belonging to six families including
Chalcididae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae and Pteromalidae
each with 5, 1, 1, 2, 4 and 7 known species, respectively (Table 7.2) (Lotfalizadeh
and Khalghani 2008; Lotfalizadeh and Jafari-Nadushan 2015). Lotfalizadeh et al.
(2012) tabulated the hosts of Iranian species of the family Chalcididae and reported
three species as parasitoids on Coleopterans of the family Buprestidae.
7.2.6 Alfalfa Leaf Miners Parasitoids
The most important alfalfa leaf miners in Iran include two dipterous and one
lepidopterous species as Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), Chromatomyia horticola
(Goureau) (Dip.: Agromyzidae) and Phyllonorycter medicaginella (Gerasimor)
(Lep.: Gracillariidae). These species were parasitized with 23 hymenopterous parasitoids including 19 eulophids and four pteromalids species (Lotfalizadeh et al.
2015) (Table 7.3).
236
H. Lotfalizadeh and A. Mohammadi-Khoramabadi