later followed by the third release of 1 g Trichogramma together 1000 Habrobracon
hebetor females per hectare 5 days after that. Releases against the second generation
will continue 10–15 days later at a rate of 2 g Trichogramma per hectare followed by
another release of the same rate together 1000 H. hebetor females after a week.
Release areas of cotton fields have been shown in Fig. 6.5.
6.7.3.2 Release in Tomato Fields
The first release of 1 g Trichogramma spp. against H. armigera occurs in tomato
fields providing that the following requirements meet together in a field:
(a) One moth is observed in traps in tomato fields
(b) The first bollworm eggs is observed in tomato fields
(c) The tomato field is at early blooming stage
The subsequent releases continue by the rate of 2 and 1 g per hectare one week
and 5 days later respectively. Release areas of tomato fields have been shown in
Fig. 6.6.
6.7.3.3 Release in Soybean Fields
The first release of 200 Tricocards per hectare is done when the first moth is trapped
within each of two traps settled in each region and the first eggs are visited on
soybean leaves. Two subsequent releases will be done at the same rate 5–7 days later
(Amini and Vafayi-Oskouyi 2007). Release areas of soybean fields have been shown
in Fig. 6.7.
6.7.4 European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)
In corn fields of Khuzestan Province, the Trichogramma spp. are released at the rate
of 100 Tricocards per hectare against the second generation of Ostrinia nubilalis
when the first female was observed. The subsequent releases will be done at 50%
pupation and peak of the O. nubilalis flights by the rates of 100 and 200 Tricocards
respectively (Amir Nazari 2007; Amir Nazari et al. 2015). Release areas of corn
fields have been shown in Fig. 6.8.
6.7.5 Rice Stemborer, Chilo suppressalis Walker
The norm of Trichogramma release in rice farms is 4.5 g per hectare in Mazandaran
province and 4 g in Golestan province. Realese of Trichogramma against the first
6 Egg Parasitoids: Chalcidoidea with Particular Emphasis on Trichogrammatidae
217
hebetor females per hectare 5 days after that. Releases against the second generation
will continue 10–15 days later at a rate of 2 g Trichogramma per hectare followed by
another release of the same rate together 1000 H. hebetor females after a week.
Release areas of cotton fields have been shown in Fig. 6.5.
6.7.3.2 Release in Tomato Fields
The first release of 1 g Trichogramma spp. against H. armigera occurs in tomato
fields providing that the following requirements meet together in a field:
(a) One moth is observed in traps in tomato fields
(b) The first bollworm eggs is observed in tomato fields
(c) The tomato field is at early blooming stage
The subsequent releases continue by the rate of 2 and 1 g per hectare one week
and 5 days later respectively. Release areas of tomato fields have been shown in
Fig. 6.6.
6.7.3.3 Release in Soybean Fields
The first release of 200 Tricocards per hectare is done when the first moth is trapped
within each of two traps settled in each region and the first eggs are visited on
soybean leaves. Two subsequent releases will be done at the same rate 5–7 days later
(Amini and Vafayi-Oskouyi 2007). Release areas of soybean fields have been shown
in Fig. 6.7.
6.7.4 European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)
In corn fields of Khuzestan Province, the Trichogramma spp. are released at the rate
of 100 Tricocards per hectare against the second generation of Ostrinia nubilalis
when the first female was observed. The subsequent releases will be done at 50%
pupation and peak of the O. nubilalis flights by the rates of 100 and 200 Tricocards
respectively (Amir Nazari 2007; Amir Nazari et al. 2015). Release areas of corn
fields have been shown in Fig. 6.8.
6.7.5 Rice Stemborer, Chilo suppressalis Walker
The norm of Trichogramma release in rice farms is 4.5 g per hectare in Mazandaran
province and 4 g in Golestan province. Realese of Trichogramma against the first
6 Egg Parasitoids: Chalcidoidea with Particular Emphasis on Trichogrammatidae
217