Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura was observed first time on eggs of
C. pomonella from northeastern, Razavi Khorasan province (Fig. 6.2). However, it
may also be found in other areas (Ebrahimi et al. 1998). A thelytokous population of
this species has been collected recently (Ebrahimi 2004).
Trichogramma semblidis (Aurivillius) was collected from apple orchards of West
Azerbaijan, and on C. suppressalis and O. nubilalis eggs from rice fields of Guilan
and Zanjan (Fig. 6.2). This species has the widest host range among other species
and it can attack different orders of insects.
Trichogramma principium Sugonjaev and Sorokina was collected from West and
East Azerbaijan and Mazandaran provinces on C. suppressalis eggs (Fig. 6.2). A
broader distribution range is possible for this species in Iran.
Shojai et al. (1990) reported the Trichogramma pintoi Voegele from Golestan
province on H. armigera eggs. Then Ebrahimi (1999) collected this species from
Khorasan on C. pomonella eggs (Fig. 6.2). Subsequent investigations revealed wider
host range including Pieris brassicae L., Euproctis chrysorrhoea L., Agrotis
segetum Denis and Schiffermüller, M. brassicae, Plusia sp. Ochsenheimer,
O. nubilalis, L. botrana, Prays oleae Bernard, Cassida nebulosa L. and Acantholyda
posticalis Matsumura eggs (Ebrahimi et al. 1998; Pinto 1999; Poorjavad et al. 2012;
Ranjbar-Aghdam and Ataran 2014). Surely, this species can also be found in other
regions of Iran.
Trichogramma tshumakovae Sorokina was collected in Northern forests of Iran.
This species has been reported from Iran (Ebrahimi et al. 1998) and Kyrgizstan
(Sorokina 1984) on C. suppressalis and M. brassicae, respectively.
Trichogramma ingricum Sorokina first time recorded by Ebrahimi and
Akbarzadeh-Shoukat (2008) from C. pomonella and L. botrana in West and East
Azarbaijan and C. suppressalis in Mazandaran (Fig. 6.2). This species resembles
T. embryophagum morphologically and some recent reports of T. ingricum may be
related to T. embryophagum.
Ebrahimi (2004) collected Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal only from Yazd.
However, Shojai et al. (1998) reported it from Markazi, Isfahan and Yazd provinces
on E. ceratoniae eggs in pomegranate orchards (Fig. 6.2). Furthermore, it was
reported from Varamin (Tehran province). It is difficult to distinguish T. cacoeciae
from T. embryophagum and some researchers considered them as synonyms
(Pintureau 1997).
Poorjavad et al. (2012) and Karimi et al. (2012) collected Trichogramma specimens from parasitized eggs of several lepidopteran pests in Northern and Central
Iran. They recognized seven Trichogramma species based on the morphological
characteristics and some molecular facts including nucleotide sequence, size and
restriction profile of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the rDNA
(Table 6.1). They ascertained first record of T. euproctidis Girault on Pieris
brassicae L. and Plutella xylostella L. eggs in Iran.
Overall, Iranian fauna of Trichogramma can be considered intermediate between
East and West Palearctic regions, as T. dendrolimi, the most common species in
China and widespread one in Japan and Taiwan, was collected from Khorasan as
well. On the other hand, T. brassicae, T. evanescens and T. embryophagum was
6 Egg Parasitoids: Chalcidoidea with Particular Emphasis on Trichogrammatidae
203
C. pomonella from northeastern, Razavi Khorasan province (Fig. 6.2). However, it
may also be found in other areas (Ebrahimi et al. 1998). A thelytokous population of
this species has been collected recently (Ebrahimi 2004).
Trichogramma semblidis (Aurivillius) was collected from apple orchards of West
Azerbaijan, and on C. suppressalis and O. nubilalis eggs from rice fields of Guilan
and Zanjan (Fig. 6.2). This species has the widest host range among other species
and it can attack different orders of insects.
Trichogramma principium Sugonjaev and Sorokina was collected from West and
East Azerbaijan and Mazandaran provinces on C. suppressalis eggs (Fig. 6.2). A
broader distribution range is possible for this species in Iran.
Shojai et al. (1990) reported the Trichogramma pintoi Voegele from Golestan
province on H. armigera eggs. Then Ebrahimi (1999) collected this species from
Khorasan on C. pomonella eggs (Fig. 6.2). Subsequent investigations revealed wider
host range including Pieris brassicae L., Euproctis chrysorrhoea L., Agrotis
segetum Denis and Schiffermüller, M. brassicae, Plusia sp. Ochsenheimer,
O. nubilalis, L. botrana, Prays oleae Bernard, Cassida nebulosa L. and Acantholyda
posticalis Matsumura eggs (Ebrahimi et al. 1998; Pinto 1999; Poorjavad et al. 2012;
Ranjbar-Aghdam and Ataran 2014). Surely, this species can also be found in other
regions of Iran.
Trichogramma tshumakovae Sorokina was collected in Northern forests of Iran.
This species has been reported from Iran (Ebrahimi et al. 1998) and Kyrgizstan
(Sorokina 1984) on C. suppressalis and M. brassicae, respectively.
Trichogramma ingricum Sorokina first time recorded by Ebrahimi and
Akbarzadeh-Shoukat (2008) from C. pomonella and L. botrana in West and East
Azarbaijan and C. suppressalis in Mazandaran (Fig. 6.2). This species resembles
T. embryophagum morphologically and some recent reports of T. ingricum may be
related to T. embryophagum.
Ebrahimi (2004) collected Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal only from Yazd.
However, Shojai et al. (1998) reported it from Markazi, Isfahan and Yazd provinces
on E. ceratoniae eggs in pomegranate orchards (Fig. 6.2). Furthermore, it was
reported from Varamin (Tehran province). It is difficult to distinguish T. cacoeciae
from T. embryophagum and some researchers considered them as synonyms
(Pintureau 1997).
Poorjavad et al. (2012) and Karimi et al. (2012) collected Trichogramma specimens from parasitized eggs of several lepidopteran pests in Northern and Central
Iran. They recognized seven Trichogramma species based on the morphological
characteristics and some molecular facts including nucleotide sequence, size and
restriction profile of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the rDNA
(Table 6.1). They ascertained first record of T. euproctidis Girault on Pieris
brassicae L. and Plutella xylostella L. eggs in Iran.
Overall, Iranian fauna of Trichogramma can be considered intermediate between
East and West Palearctic regions, as T. dendrolimi, the most common species in
China and widespread one in Japan and Taiwan, was collected from Khorasan as
well. On the other hand, T. brassicae, T. evanescens and T. embryophagum was
6 Egg Parasitoids: Chalcidoidea with Particular Emphasis on Trichogrammatidae
203