74
5.4 Antifungal
A polypeptide called alveolarin was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of Polyporus
alveolaris and showed antifungal activity against the mycelial growth of Botrytis
cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Physalospora
piricola. Alveolarin had a molecular mass of 28 kDa (by gel filtration) but was
observed in a single band with a molecular mass of 14 kDa in SDS-PAGE (Wang
et al. 2004).
An antifungal peptide from fruiting bodies of the Thai common edible mushroom, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., was obtained. Its molecular mass was about of
17 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified peptide did not show activity against both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but it had a strong antifungal activity
(comparable with ketoconazole) against several species of pathogenic fungi of
human such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Candida
tropicalis (Poompouang and Suksomtip 2016).
An antifungal protein designated trichogin was isolated from the mushroom
Tricholoma giganteum var. golden blessings. Trichogin had antifungal activity
against Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Physalospora
piricola. It inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC 50 of 83 nM) (Guo et al.
2005a, b).
A 7 kDa peptide isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom
Pleurotus ostreatus showed inhibitory activity on mycelial growth of the fungi
Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Physalospora piricola.
The N-terminal sequence was different from known antifungal proteins and peptides (Chu et al. 2005).
A novel antifungal peptide was isolated from the aqueous extract of the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris with a molecular mass of 10.906 kDa. The peptide was called cordymin and showed inhibition of mycelial growth of Mycosphaerella
arachidicola, Bipolaris maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, and Candida albicans with an
IC 50 of 10 μM, 50 μM, 80 μM, and 0.75 mM, respectively; and there was no activity
on Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Valsa mali with up to
2 mM. Cordymin also inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC 50 of 55 μM) and
presented antiproliferative activity toward breast cancer cells (MCF-7), while there
was any effect on colon cancer cells (HT-29) (Wong et al. 2011).
A peptide designated as eryngin obtained from fruiting bodies of the mushroom
Pleurotus eryngii inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and
Mycosphaerella arachidicola. Eryngin showed a molecular mass of 10 kDa, and its
N-terminal sequence was similar to a protein from the mushroom Lyophyllum
shimeji with antifungal activity and little resemblance to thaumatin and thaumatinlike proteins (Wang and Ng 2004a).
A protein designated ganodermin with molecular mass of 15 kDa with antifungal
activity was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum which is considered as medical
mushroom. Ganodermin inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum,
Botrytis cinerea, and Physalospora piricola with an IC 50 value of 12.4, 15.2, and
G. Díaz-Godínez and R. Díaz
5.4 Antifungal
A polypeptide called alveolarin was isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of Polyporus
alveolaris and showed antifungal activity against the mycelial growth of Botrytis
cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Physalospora
piricola. Alveolarin had a molecular mass of 28 kDa (by gel filtration) but was
observed in a single band with a molecular mass of 14 kDa in SDS-PAGE (Wang
et al. 2004).
An antifungal peptide from fruiting bodies of the Thai common edible mushroom, Lentinus squarrosulus Mont., was obtained. Its molecular mass was about of
17 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified peptide did not show activity against both
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but it had a strong antifungal activity
(comparable with ketoconazole) against several species of pathogenic fungi of
human such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Candida
tropicalis (Poompouang and Suksomtip 2016).
An antifungal protein designated trichogin was isolated from the mushroom
Tricholoma giganteum var. golden blessings. Trichogin had antifungal activity
against Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Physalospora
piricola. It inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC 50 of 83 nM) (Guo et al.
2005a, b).
A 7 kDa peptide isolated from fresh fruiting bodies of the oyster mushroom
Pleurotus ostreatus showed inhibitory activity on mycelial growth of the fungi
Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Physalospora piricola.
The N-terminal sequence was different from known antifungal proteins and peptides (Chu et al. 2005).
A novel antifungal peptide was isolated from the aqueous extract of the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris with a molecular mass of 10.906 kDa. The peptide was called cordymin and showed inhibition of mycelial growth of Mycosphaerella
arachidicola, Bipolaris maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, and Candida albicans with an
IC 50 of 10 μM, 50 μM, 80 μM, and 0.75 mM, respectively; and there was no activity
on Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, and Valsa mali with up to
2 mM. Cordymin also inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (IC 50 of 55 μM) and
presented antiproliferative activity toward breast cancer cells (MCF-7), while there
was any effect on colon cancer cells (HT-29) (Wong et al. 2011).
A peptide designated as eryngin obtained from fruiting bodies of the mushroom
Pleurotus eryngii inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum and
Mycosphaerella arachidicola. Eryngin showed a molecular mass of 10 kDa, and its
N-terminal sequence was similar to a protein from the mushroom Lyophyllum
shimeji with antifungal activity and little resemblance to thaumatin and thaumatinlike proteins (Wang and Ng 2004a).
A protein designated ganodermin with molecular mass of 15 kDa with antifungal
activity was isolated from Ganoderma lucidum which is considered as medical
mushroom. Ganodermin inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum,
Botrytis cinerea, and Physalospora piricola with an IC 50 value of 12.4, 15.2, and
G. Díaz-Godínez and R. Díaz