65
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2021
X. Dai et al. (eds.), Fungi in Sustainable Food Production, Fungal Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64406-2_5
Chapter 5
Fungal Productions of Biological Active
Proteins
Gerardo Díaz-Godínez and Rubén Díaz
5.1 Fungi as Source of Bioactive Proteins
Proteins serve as nutrients for human and their quality is represented mainly by the
amount of essential amino acid and their digestibility for absorption, but also, the
nutraceutical effect has been observed in these molecules which promote health. It
has been reported that most of the biological activities of proteins is given by certain
peptide sequences which show their effect when exposed (Whisstock and Lesk
2003; Soriano-Santos et al. 2015). During food processing as well as during digestion (in vivo or by proteolytic enzymes), proteolysis occurs which generates peptides which may have biological or nutraceutical activity.
It is considered that any source of protein could present bioactive peptides, since
they have been reported in proteins of animals, plants, fungi, and other microorganisms, and in many cases it has been observed that their effect or activity is inversely
related to their size. Research to finding bioactive peptides has been carried out by
hydrolyzing protein of food, but also bioinformatic studies have been carried out
trying to predict the sequences with biological activity (Edwards et al. 2014;
Soriano-Santos et al. 2015). The fermentative processes cause the hydrolysis of
proteins generating peptides that could also have biological activity (García-Tejedor
et al. 2014; Sanjukta and Rai 2016). Regardless of the technique used to obtain
bioactive peptides, the next step is to assess whether to have biological activity
using techniques in vitro or in vivo. In order to use bioactive peptides for therapeutic
purposes, the cause and effect relationship between the consumption of bioactive
peptides and their desired effects on human health should be known. The activities
that have been reported in bioactive peptides are antihypertensive (with ribonuclease activity), antifungal, and antibacterial, among others (Daliri et al. 2017). The
G. Díaz-Godínez (*) · R. Díaz
Research Center for Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala,
Tlaxcala, Mexico
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2021
X. Dai et al. (eds.), Fungi in Sustainable Food Production, Fungal Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64406-2_5
Chapter 5
Fungal Productions of Biological Active
Proteins
Gerardo Díaz-Godínez and Rubén Díaz
5.1 Fungi as Source of Bioactive Proteins
Proteins serve as nutrients for human and their quality is represented mainly by the
amount of essential amino acid and their digestibility for absorption, but also, the
nutraceutical effect has been observed in these molecules which promote health. It
has been reported that most of the biological activities of proteins is given by certain
peptide sequences which show their effect when exposed (Whisstock and Lesk
2003; Soriano-Santos et al. 2015). During food processing as well as during digestion (in vivo or by proteolytic enzymes), proteolysis occurs which generates peptides which may have biological or nutraceutical activity.
It is considered that any source of protein could present bioactive peptides, since
they have been reported in proteins of animals, plants, fungi, and other microorganisms, and in many cases it has been observed that their effect or activity is inversely
related to their size. Research to finding bioactive peptides has been carried out by
hydrolyzing protein of food, but also bioinformatic studies have been carried out
trying to predict the sequences with biological activity (Edwards et al. 2014;
Soriano-Santos et al. 2015). The fermentative processes cause the hydrolysis of
proteins generating peptides that could also have biological activity (García-Tejedor
et al. 2014; Sanjukta and Rai 2016). Regardless of the technique used to obtain
bioactive peptides, the next step is to assess whether to have biological activity
using techniques in vitro or in vivo. In order to use bioactive peptides for therapeutic
purposes, the cause and effect relationship between the consumption of bioactive
peptides and their desired effects on human health should be known. The activities
that have been reported in bioactive peptides are antihypertensive (with ribonuclease activity), antifungal, and antibacterial, among others (Daliri et al. 2017). The
G. Díaz-Godínez (*) · R. Díaz
Research Center for Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala,
Tlaxcala, Mexico