98
6.3.4 Gene Regulator for Fungal Pectinase
Polygalacturonase (PG), pectin lyase (PL), and pectin methyl esterase (PME)
encoding a gene expression through glucose repression were induced from a source
containing pectin, polygalacturonic acid, and D-galacturonic acid (de Vries and
Wackernagel 2002). Hence, a similar study also recognized that the mostly involved
in repression of pectinolytic gene expression was carbon catabolite repressor protein (CreA). In addition, the promoter used in the pectinolytic gene of Aspergillus
niger was in a region (5′PTYATGGTGGAA3P′) in the presence of D-galacturonic
acid as inducer, whereas its in the (CCTGA) region in the presence of L-arabinose.
From the study of de Vries et al. (2002), 26 pectinolytic genes of A. niger in a
wild type strain were studied based on a detailed analysis, which included hybridization probe and in silico analysis of CCTGA box, of their expression on pectin
and pectin-derived carbon sources. However, in this review, only pectinases with
corresponding gene will be shown (Table 6.7).
Table 6.6 Effect of different carbon sources on pectinase production and growth of Penicillium
frequentans
Carbon source (0.5%)
Reducing group-releasing activity/Pectinase
(μmol
−1 min
−1 mL
−1 )
Cell dry weight
(mg)
Galacturonic acid
0.10
12.2
Polygalacturonic acid 0.56
15.8
Pectin
1.20
17.4
Citrus pulp pellets
0.41
–
Source: (Said et al. 1991)
Table 6.7 Pectinase production genes
Gene Corresponding enzyme
Probe fragment
CCC TGA
box
References
pelA Pectin lyase A
1.6 kb ClaI
+
de Vries et al. (2002)
pelB Pectin lyase B
1.1 kb SmaI
+
de Vries et al. (2002)
pelC Pectin lyase C
3 kb NsiI
ND
de Vries et al. (2002)
pelD Pectin lyase D
0.7 kb XhoI
+
Harmsen et al. (1990)
pelF Pectin lyase F
0.9 kb SstI
ND
Pařenicova et al. (2000)
pgaA Polygalacturonase A
0.33 kb XhoI/XbaI +
Bussink et al. (1992)
pgaB Polygalacturonase B
0.20 kb NsiI/KpnI +
Paŕenicová et al. (1998)
pgaC Polygalacturonase C
0.28 kb NsiI/SmaI +
Paŕenicová et al. (1998)
pgaD Polygalacturonase D
0.13 kb ClaI/SstI ND
de Vries et al. (2002)
pgaE Polygalacturonase E
0.28 kb NsiI/XhoI +
pgaI Polygalacturonase I
0.28 kb NsiI/XbaI +
pgaII Polygalacturonase II
0.38 kb NsiI/NcoI +
pgaX Exopolygalacturonase
1.7 kb PstI
ND
plyA Pectate lyase A
0.9 kb PstI/XhoI
ND
pmeA Pectin methyl esterase
0.86 kb NsiI/XhoI ND
H. Suhaimi et al.
6.3.4 Gene Regulator for Fungal Pectinase
Polygalacturonase (PG), pectin lyase (PL), and pectin methyl esterase (PME)
encoding a gene expression through glucose repression were induced from a source
containing pectin, polygalacturonic acid, and D-galacturonic acid (de Vries and
Wackernagel 2002). Hence, a similar study also recognized that the mostly involved
in repression of pectinolytic gene expression was carbon catabolite repressor protein (CreA). In addition, the promoter used in the pectinolytic gene of Aspergillus
niger was in a region (5′PTYATGGTGGAA3P′) in the presence of D-galacturonic
acid as inducer, whereas its in the (CCTGA) region in the presence of L-arabinose.
From the study of de Vries et al. (2002), 26 pectinolytic genes of A. niger in a
wild type strain were studied based on a detailed analysis, which included hybridization probe and in silico analysis of CCTGA box, of their expression on pectin
and pectin-derived carbon sources. However, in this review, only pectinases with
corresponding gene will be shown (Table 6.7).
Table 6.6 Effect of different carbon sources on pectinase production and growth of Penicillium
frequentans
Carbon source (0.5%)
Reducing group-releasing activity/Pectinase
(μmol
−1 min
−1 mL
−1 )
Cell dry weight
(mg)
Galacturonic acid
0.10
12.2
Polygalacturonic acid 0.56
15.8
Pectin
1.20
17.4
Citrus pulp pellets
0.41
–
Source: (Said et al. 1991)
Table 6.7 Pectinase production genes
Gene Corresponding enzyme
Probe fragment
CCC TGA
box
References
pelA Pectin lyase A
1.6 kb ClaI
+
de Vries et al. (2002)
pelB Pectin lyase B
1.1 kb SmaI
+
de Vries et al. (2002)
pelC Pectin lyase C
3 kb NsiI
ND
de Vries et al. (2002)
pelD Pectin lyase D
0.7 kb XhoI
+
Harmsen et al. (1990)
pelF Pectin lyase F
0.9 kb SstI
ND
Pařenicova et al. (2000)
pgaA Polygalacturonase A
0.33 kb XhoI/XbaI +
Bussink et al. (1992)
pgaB Polygalacturonase B
0.20 kb NsiI/KpnI +
Paŕenicová et al. (1998)
pgaC Polygalacturonase C
0.28 kb NsiI/SmaI +
Paŕenicová et al. (1998)
pgaD Polygalacturonase D
0.13 kb ClaI/SstI ND
de Vries et al. (2002)
pgaE Polygalacturonase E
0.28 kb NsiI/XhoI +
pgaI Polygalacturonase I
0.28 kb NsiI/XbaI +
pgaII Polygalacturonase II
0.38 kb NsiI/NcoI +
pgaX Exopolygalacturonase
1.7 kb PstI
ND
plyA Pectate lyase A
0.9 kb PstI/XhoI
ND
pmeA Pectin methyl esterase
0.86 kb NsiI/XhoI ND
H. Suhaimi et al.