Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
Chemistry: Matter and Change
329
Substituted hydrocarbons: alcohols, ethers, and amines,
235–237; carbonyl compounds,
237–240; functional groups,
233–235; organic reactions,
241–243; polymers, 243–244;
See also Hydrocarbons
Substitution reaction, 234
Substrates, 245–246
Supersaturated solution, 148
Surface area, 171
Surface tension, 131
Surroundings, in thermochemistry, 161
Suspension, 158
Synthesis reaction, 92, 204
System, in thermochemistry, 161
Système Internationale d’Unités
(SI), 7–10
T
Temperature: affecting chemical
equilibrium, 182–183; affecting
reaction rate, 172; of gases,
125, 137–144, 167; measuring,
7, 10; of troposphere, 263; See
also Heat
Theoretical yield, 122
Theory, defined, 3–4
Thermochemical equation,
162–163
Thermochemistry, 161–162
Thermonuclear reactions, 261
Thermoplastic polymer, 243
Thermosetting polymer, 243
Thermosphere, 263
Thomson, J. J., 31
Time, measuring, 7
Titration, 198
Transition elements, 54
Transition metals, 69
Transition state, 171
Transmutation, 257–259
Transuranium elements, 69, 258
Triglycerides, 248
Triple point, 135
Troposphere, 263, 265
Tyndall effect, 158
U
Ultraviolet radiation, 1, 3
Universe, in thermochemistry,
161
Unsaturated hydrocarbon, 226
Unsaturated solution, 148
V
Valence electrons, 49–51
Vapor, 22
Vaporization, 133
Vapor pressure, 133
Vapor pressure lowering, 156
Viscosity, 131
Voltaic cells, 213–217
Volume, affecting chemical equilibrium, 181–182
VSEPR model, 86
W
Water: in hydrate formula, 110;
hydrosphere, 266–267; ion
product constant for, 192–193;
in making solutions, 147; reactions forming, 97, 241
Wavelength, 41
Weak acid, 190
Weak base, 191–192
Weight, elements of, 1