Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
Chemistry: Matter and Change
327
Osmotic pressure, 157
Oxidation, 201, 202–204
Oxidation number, 74
Oxidation-number method,
205–210
Oxidizing agent, 201
Oxyacid, 83
Oxyanion, 76, 83
Oxydation-reduction reaction,
201; See also Redox reaction
Oxygen, 67
Ozone layer, 1, 263, 264–265
P
Parent chain, 221
Pascal, 128
p-block elements, 65–69
Peptide, 245
Peptide bond, 245
Percent by mass, 28
Percent composition, 105–106
Percent error, 14–15
Percent yield, 122–124
Period, 27, 54
Periodic table: development of,
27, 53–54; element classification, 55–57; element trends,
57–61
pH, 192–193; in acid ionization
constant, 197–198; ion concentration from, 195–196;
measurement scale, 193–194;
of strong acids and bases, 196;
See also Acids; Bases
Phase change, 23
Phase diagram, 135
Phospholipids, 248
Photodissociation, 263
Photoelectric effect, 42
Photoionization, 263
Photons, 42
Photosynthesis, 251
Physical change, 23
Physical chemistry, 2
Physical properties, 21–22
Pi bonds, 80
Plastic, 243
pOH, 194; See also pH
Polar covalent bond, 87
Polarity, 87–88
Pollution, 265, 266–267; See also
Global warming
Polyatomic ions, 75–76
Polymerization reaction, 243
Polymers, 243–244
Polypeptide, 245
Polyprotic acid, 190
Polysaccharide, 247
Positron, 256
Positron emission, 256
Precipitate, 94, 186–187
Precision of measurement, 14
Pressure: of gases, 127–129,
137–144; and solubility,
149–150; vapor, 133
Primary batteries, 218
Principal energy levels, 44
Principal quantum numbers, 44
Product, 23, 89
Proteins, 245–246
Protons, 32, 34, 35
Pure research, 4
Q
Qualitative data, 2–3
Quantitative data, 2–3
Quantum mechanical model of
the atom, 44
R
Radiation, 39–40, 253–254
Radioactive decay, 39, 254–257
Radioactive elements, 39–40
Radiochemical dating, 259
Radioisotopes, 253
Radiotracer, 261
Rate-determining step, 176
Rate law, 173
Reactant, 23, 89
Reaction mechanism, 175