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238 Chemistry: Matter and Change
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
SOLVING PROBLEMS:
A CHEMISTRY HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 23
enables the substrate(s) to react with a much lower activation energy
than they would without an enzyme.
Practice Problems
Select the term in Column B that best matches the phrase in
Column A.
Column A
Column B
5. Forms when a substrate binds to an
enzyme
6. Speeds up reactions
7. A reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed
process
8. Is lowered by an enzyme
23.2 Carbohydrates
Familiar carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and cellulose.
Simple carbohydrates consist of a chain of carbon atoms having
hydroxyl (–OH) groups and a carbonyl group, often in the form of
an aldehyde group.
Monosaccharides The simplest carbohydrates are the simple
sugars, or monosaccharides, which commonly have five or six carbon atoms. Glucose, the main ingredient in corn syrup, is a familiar
monosaccharide. Glucose has the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6 and
can be represented by the following structures.
Glucose
Cyclic form
Open-chain form
H
H
OH
HO
H
H
OH
OH
CH 2 OH
H
C
C
C
O
C
C
H
C
H—C— OH
O
— —
H— C—OH
HO— C— H
H—C— OH
H—C— OH
H
3
▲
a. substrate
b. activation energy
c. enzyme
d. enzyme-substrate
complex