Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
Chemistry: Matter and Change
235
SOLVING PROBLEMS:
A CHEMISTRY HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 22
13. Predict the products of the following reactions.
a. hydrogenation of 1-butene
b. addition of Br 2 to a molecule of ethene
c. dehydration of ethanol
22.5 Polymers
A polymer is a large molecule consisting of many repeating structural units. Polymers are made from smaller molecules called
monomers. A reaction in which the monomer units are bonded
together to from a polymer is called a polymerization reaction. The
repeating group of atoms formed by the bonding of the monomers is
called the structural unit of the polymer. The letter n is used to represent the number of structural units in a polymer chain.
In addition polymerization, all the atoms present in the
monomers are retained in the polymer product. Polyethylene is an
example of an addition polymer. Its chain contains all the atoms
present in the ethene monomers that bonded to form it.
Condensation polymerization takes place when monomers each
containing at least two functional groups combine with the loss of a
small by-product, usually water. Nylon is an example of a condensation polymer.
Polymers can have a wide variety of properties. Some, called
plastics, can be heated and molded while relatively soft. A
thermoplastic polymer is one that can be melted and molded
repeatedly into shapes that are retained on cooling. A thermosetting
polymer is one that can be molded when first prepared but when
cool cannot be remelted.
Practice Problems
14. When the polymer polytetrafluoroethylene is made from the
monomer tetrafluoroethene, there is no loss of atoms from each
monomer molecule. Classify the polymerization as either addition or condensation.
15. When the polymer nylon-6,6 is made from the monomers
adipic acid and 1,6-diaminohexane, there is a loss of water molecules. Classify the polymerization as either addition or
condensation.
Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook
Chemistry: Matter and Change
235
SOLVING PROBLEMS:
A CHEMISTRY HANDBOOK
CHAPTER 22
13. Predict the products of the following reactions.
a. hydrogenation of 1-butene
b. addition of Br 2 to a molecule of ethene
c. dehydration of ethanol
22.5 Polymers
A polymer is a large molecule consisting of many repeating structural units. Polymers are made from smaller molecules called
monomers. A reaction in which the monomer units are bonded
together to from a polymer is called a polymerization reaction. The
repeating group of atoms formed by the bonding of the monomers is
called the structural unit of the polymer. The letter n is used to represent the number of structural units in a polymer chain.
In addition polymerization, all the atoms present in the
monomers are retained in the polymer product. Polyethylene is an
example of an addition polymer. Its chain contains all the atoms
present in the ethene monomers that bonded to form it.
Condensation polymerization takes place when monomers each
containing at least two functional groups combine with the loss of a
small by-product, usually water. Nylon is an example of a condensation polymer.
Polymers can have a wide variety of properties. Some, called
plastics, can be heated and molded while relatively soft. A
thermoplastic polymer is one that can be melted and molded
repeatedly into shapes that are retained on cooling. A thermosetting
polymer is one that can be molded when first prepared but when
cool cannot be remelted.
Practice Problems
14. When the polymer polytetrafluoroethylene is made from the
monomer tetrafluoroethene, there is no loss of atoms from each
monomer molecule. Classify the polymerization as either addition or condensation.
15. When the polymer nylon-6,6 is made from the monomers
adipic acid and 1,6-diaminohexane, there is a loss of water molecules. Classify the polymerization as either addition or
condensation.