Chapter 9 Quantifying Bioconcentration .......................................................... 119
Introduction ...................................................................................... 119
Bioconcentration Adjustment Factor ................................................ 119
Bibliography ..................................................................................... 135
Chapter 10 Developing Effective Toxicity Factors ............................................. 137
Introduction ...................................................................................... 137
Effective Toxicity Factor .................................................................. 138
Toxicity Impact ................................................................................. 138
Chapter 11 Focusing on Impact Chemicals ........................................................ 171
Introduction ...................................................................................... 171
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 33/50 Program .................. 171
Washington Department of Ecology Persistent,
Bioaccumulative Toxins Program and Other Targeted (Mercury)
Registration, Evaluation Authorization, and Restriction of
Basis for Program ........................................................................ 172
Program Requirements................................................................ 172
Role of Stakeholders .................................................................... 173
Financial Impacts ........................................................................ 173
Effectiveness of Program ............................................................ 173
Chemicals Programs ........................................................................ 176
Basis for the Mercury Reduction Program .................................. 177
Program Requirements................................................................ 177
Role of Stakeholders .................................................................... 179
Financial Impacts ........................................................................ 179
Effectiveness of Program ............................................................ 179
Chemicals Program of the European Union .................................... 180
Basis for Program ........................................................................ 180
Program Requirements................................................................ 180
Evaluation ............................................................................... 180
Authorization .......................................................................... 181
PBT Substances ........................................................................... 187
Very Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Substances ........... 187
Restriction .................................................................................... 187
Bibliography ..................................................................................... 189
Chapter 12 Use versus Release Reporting .......................................................... 191
Introduction ...................................................................................... 191
Comparison of Use and Releases ..................................................... 191
Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act ........................................ 192
Reporting Requirements.............................................................. 192
Contents
vii
Introduction ...................................................................................... 119
Bioconcentration Adjustment Factor ................................................ 119
Bibliography ..................................................................................... 135
Chapter 10 Developing Effective Toxicity Factors ............................................. 137
Introduction ...................................................................................... 137
Effective Toxicity Factor .................................................................. 138
Toxicity Impact ................................................................................. 138
Chapter 11 Focusing on Impact Chemicals ........................................................ 171
Introduction ...................................................................................... 171
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 33/50 Program .................. 171
Washington Department of Ecology Persistent,
Bioaccumulative Toxins Program and Other Targeted (Mercury)
Registration, Evaluation Authorization, and Restriction of
Basis for Program ........................................................................ 172
Program Requirements................................................................ 172
Role of Stakeholders .................................................................... 173
Financial Impacts ........................................................................ 173
Effectiveness of Program ............................................................ 173
Chemicals Programs ........................................................................ 176
Basis for the Mercury Reduction Program .................................. 177
Program Requirements................................................................ 177
Role of Stakeholders .................................................................... 179
Financial Impacts ........................................................................ 179
Effectiveness of Program ............................................................ 179
Chemicals Program of the European Union .................................... 180
Basis for Program ........................................................................ 180
Program Requirements................................................................ 180
Evaluation ............................................................................... 180
Authorization .......................................................................... 181
PBT Substances ........................................................................... 187
Very Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Substances ........... 187
Restriction .................................................................................... 187
Bibliography ..................................................................................... 189
Chapter 12 Use versus Release Reporting .......................................................... 191
Introduction ...................................................................................... 191
Comparison of Use and Releases ..................................................... 191
Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act ........................................ 192
Reporting Requirements.............................................................. 192
Contents
vii